The most important pharmacokinetic parameters from a dosing point of view are: The clearance (CL) – determines the maintenance dose-rate The volume of distribution (Vd)…
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Cell-Cell or Interceullular Junctions
Junction Location Composition Function Remarks Tight junction (Zonula occludens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell Claudin and Occludin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Prevents paracellular movement of…
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Competitive, Non-competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibitors
Vmax is the maximum velocity, or how fast the enzyme can go at full ‘‘speed.’’ Vmax is reached when all of the enzyme is in…
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Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acids : Simplified
Fatty Acid Activation (Cytoplasm) Before undergoing oxidation, fatty acid must be activated first by conversion into Acyl-CoA by the action of Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase (thiokinase).…
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Fatty Acid Synthesis : Simplified
Enzymes: Fatty acid synthase (6 enzymes and 1 Acyl carrier protein molecule) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (rate-limiting enzyme) Starting material: For palmitate synthesis: Acetyl-CoA For odd number…
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Structure of Fatty acids and Derivatives : Simplified
Structure Saturated fatty acid: Single bond (“S” for saturated and single bond) Unsaturated fatty acid: Double bond(s), i.e. “D” for Double bonds, Decreased melting temperature…
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Eliciting Smoking and Alcohol History
Smoking History Ask: Have you ever smoked? If yes – Further ask: For how long? What form? (cigarettes, cigars, pipe, chewed) How much? Quantify smoking…
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DNA Replication Explained With Zipper Model
Imagine DNA as a zipper Prokaryotic DNA as a zipper with single slider (single origin of replication) and Eukaryotic DNA as a zipper with two…
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