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Immunology

PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Approach to Rheumatoid Factor Positive test

Epomedicine Feb 21, 2023 No Comments ImmunologyInternal medicineMusculoskeletal systemOrthopedicsRheumatology

Rheumatoid factor (RF; also mistakenly called RA factor) is an auto-antibody (commonly IgM and rarely IgG or IgA) directed against the Fc portion of IgG.…

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PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Injection site swelling after vaccination in Infants

Dr. Pedchrome Mar 11, 2021 No Comments ImmunologyNeonatesPediatrics

Swelling and pain at injection site after vaccination is a frequently observed problem by parents and is often of concern to them. These type of…

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PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Cluster of Differentiation (CD Markers) Mnemonics

Epomedicine Feb 20, 2021 No Comments General conceptsImmunology

“CD” in immunology stands for Cluster of Differentiation and includes cell surface markers that can be detected by lab technique called flow cytometry. Well, we…

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hla
PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

HLA association mnemonics

Epomedicine Jun 1, 2019 No Comments ImmunologyPathology

The genes that encode HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) are on chromosome 6. MHC class Type Location Function I HLA-A, -B, -C All cells Recognized by…

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hepatitis b serology
PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Interpreting Hepatitis B Serology in 5 Easy steps

Epomedicine Feb 3, 2017 2 Comments Gastrointestinal systemImmunologyMicrobiology

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Appears during incubation period (1-6 months), 2-7 weeks prior to symptoms. Peaks when the patient is most ill. Becomes undetectable…

Explore more Interpreting Hepatitis B Serology in 5 Easy steps
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency types
PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade and Defect : Simplified

Epomedicine Jun 23, 2016 No Comments General conceptsImmunologyPathology

Capture or Tethering Increased vascular permeability and vasodilation are mediated by inflammatory mediators like histamine released by inflammatory cells in response to PAMPs expressed by…

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VDJ diversity
PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

VDJ (Somatic) Recombination Made Easy

Epomedicine Jun 19, 2016 No Comments General conceptsImmunologyPathology

Many students feel that, this is one of the most difficult to explain topic in Immunology. Here, we will try to explain the process and…

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complement protective mechanism
PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Complement Pathway – Explained

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics Jun 5, 2016 2 Comments General conceptsImmunologyMicrobiologyPathology

The complement system is composed of about 20 different proteins released into the blood after production in the liver. They interact in coordinated and regulated way…

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