Adenoma-carcinoma sequence is a stepwise development of normal epithelium to carcinoma due to accumulation of mutations over a number of years leading to activation of…
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Oncology
Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC) : Mnemonics
Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant (AD) Cause: Microsatellite instability (MLH1, MSH2 mismatch repair gene mutation) Types: Amsterdam II Criteria for Diagnosis Mnemonic: 3-2-1-0 rule Colorectal cancers: More…
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Carcinoid Tumors : Mnemonic
Origin: Neuroendocrine cells Location: Lungs, Bronchi, Trachea, Gastrointestinal tract Synthesize: Biogenic amines (mainly serotonin which is metabolied to 5-HIAA) 5 Manifestations Mnemonic: 5-HIAAS 1. Heart…
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Glucagonoma : 6 D’s
Glucagonoma is an alpha-cell tumor of pancreas. Mnemonic: 6 D’s 1. Diabetes 2. Dermatitis (Necrolytic migratory erythema) 3. Declining weight 4. Diarrhea 5. Deep vein…
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Thyroid Tumors : Mnemonics
Papillary carcinoma Follicular carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Mnemonic: MENACED Anaplastic carcinoma
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Staging and Grading of Bone Tumors (Neoplasm)
Enneking (MSTS) Staging for Malignant Bone Tumors Stage Grade Site Metastasis IA Low Intra-compartmental None IB Low Extra-compartmental None IIA High Intra-compartmental None IIB High…
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Osteochondroma : Mnemonics
Features of Osteochondroma Mnemonic: Six “C” Commonest benign bone tumor Continue to grow until Closure of physis Cartilage cap (appears larger clinically than in X-ray)…
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Osteoid Osteoma : Mnemonic
Epidemiology and Clinical features Mnemonic: LMNOP Lower extremity predilection (proximal femur > tibial diaphysis) Male predilection (2:1 to 3:1) Night pain relieved by NSAIDs (absent…
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