Origin Type II alveolar cells/pneumocytes (small but numerous) and Lamellar bodies (appear in Type II pneumocytes at around the 20th week of gestation) Type I…
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Physiology
Bulbocavernosus Reflex (BCR)
Synonyms: Bulbospongiosus reflex (BSR), Osinski reflex Reflex arc: a. Stimulus: Briskly squeezing glans penis or clitoris or Tugging Foley’s catheter (pulling the balloon of foley’s…
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Micturition reflex
Micturition (Urination) is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is a type of…
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Visual cycle – Simplified
11-cis-retinal combines with opsin protein to form rhodopsin. Light stimulates conversion of rhodopsin bound 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinol (all-trans-retinol is transported from photoreceptor cells to retinal…
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Hematopoietic growth factors list with mnemonics
a. SCF (Steel factor): Multipontent stem cells b. IL-3: Myeloid stem cells (“3” turned down looks like “m“) c. IL-7: Lymphoid stem cell (“L” turned…
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Cell-Cell or Interceullular Junctions
Junction Location Composition Function Remarks Tight junction (Zonula occludens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell Claudin and Occludin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Prevents paracellular movement of…
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Sarcomere Structure : Mnemonic
Remember the sequence: Zahir Is A Hungry Man Z line I band A band H zone M line Z is the final alphabet: Z lines…
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Orexigenic and Anti-orexigenic peptides : Mnemonic
Orexigenic (Appetite stimulant) peptides Mnemonic: When you see MANGOEs, you feel like eating. MCH (Melanocyte Conentrating Hormone) AGRP (Agouti Related Peptide) NPY (Neuropeptide Y), Noradrenaline GnRH,…
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