Origin Type II alveolar cells/pneumocytes (small but numerous) and Lamellar bodies (appear in Type II pneumocytes at around the 20th week of gestation) Type I…
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Respiratory system
A Classical case of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
A Single/ Term Male Baby weighing 3.0 kg was delivered via emergency LSCS for fetal distress who was prenatally diagnosed to have congenital diaphragmatic hernia…
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Respiratory Emergencies
Contains concise management of following conditions with flowcharts, tables and figures. This handbook can be helpful for medical students posted in Emergency room or Internal…
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Novel Coronavirus Disease (CoViD-19) – “An Old Family with a New Disease”
Coronaviridae, one of the families of viruses which are known to cause diseases in mammals and birds ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute…
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Pulmonology Mnemonics
TB SMEAR (+) CULTURE (–): 4 Ds D: DEAD: continued expectoration of dead organisms D: DEGENERATE: non-cultivable non-TB mycobacteria, unable to proliferate on a standard AFB culture D: DELAY: excessive…
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Lung Volumes and Capacities : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: 6 LITERs Lung Capacity (TLC = 6L) = Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV = 3.3 L) + Tidal volume (TV = 0.5 L) + Expiratory…
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Respiratory Center Simplified
Mnemonic: Boat starts and PRASaD DIVEs 1. pre-Botzinger complex Starts respiratory rhythm (pacemaker): Boat Starts Location: Between nucleus ambiguus and lateral reticular nucleus (upper medulla)…
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Perfusion and Diffusion Limited Gas Exchange
Under resting conditions, red blood cells move through the pulmonary capillary bed in approximately 0.75 seconds (transit time), although equilibration of oxygen and carbon dioxide…
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