Diagnostic criteria for DKA a. Plasma glucose (mg/dl): >250 b. Arterial pH: 7.25 to 7.3: mild DKA 7 to 7.24: moderate DKA <7: severe DKA…
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Tag: Emergency medicine
Hypertensive Retinopathy Grading – Simplified
Hypertensive retinopathy has been classified by Keith, Wagener & Barker and Scheie (hypertensive and arteriosclerotic features). With this mnemonic, we will have a grading with…
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Testicular Torsion
Learning Objectives List the differential diagnosis for an acutely painful scrotum. Understand the anatomical basis of testicular torsion. List common presenting signs and symptoms of…
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Risk Stratification in Upper GI Bleeding
Blatchford Score Admission risk marker Score component value Blood Urea (mg/dL) 18.2-22.4 2 22.4-28 3 28-70 4 >70 6 Haemoglobin (g/L) for men 12.0-12.9 1…
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Tests for Knee Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Lacchman’s test It is performed with the patient supine and the knee flexed 20–30°. The examiner grasps the distal femur (from…
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Stress Tests for Ankle Ligaments
Anterior Drawer Test Assesses: the stability of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). The examiner exerts a downward force on the tibia while simultaneously attempting to…
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Ottawa rules for Extremitity Radiographs
Ottawa Ankle and Foot Rules Mnemonic: 44-55-66-PM Patients need an X-ray only if: 4: Unable to do 4 steps immediately AND 4: Unable to do…
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San Francisco Syncope Rule (FED 30 90)
San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) defines high risk criteria for patients with syncope. FED 30 90 Failure (Congestive heart failure) ECG abnormalities Dyspnea (shortness of…
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