Anatomy of Vertebral Pedicle Width (narrowest transverse diameter): Narrowest at T4-T5 (4-5 mm) Above and below this level, the width gradually increases to almost double…
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Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
Ober’s Test
Tensor fascial latae (TFL) originates from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) outer surface, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and deep surface of fascia…
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Thomas Test
Synonym: Hip flexion contracture test, Iliacus test, Iliopsoas test Fixed flexion deformity of the hip and anterior pelvic tilt leads to a compensatory hyperlordosis of…
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Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) : Mnemonic Approach
Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) In the Nerve conduction study, assessment must be done for ABCDEFGH. Action potential Amplitude Measures the height of response in millivolts…
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Boutonniere and Swan neck Deformity – Pathophysiology
Understanding of the Boutonniere and Swan neck deformity requires clear concept of the finger extensor apparatus, which has been discussed here. The extrinsic extensor tendons…
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) : Mnemonic Approach
Synonym: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JIA) Diagnosis of JIA Mnemonic: One Six Sixteen (1, 6, 16) 1: Inflammation of atleast 1 joint (joint involvement: knee >…
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Singh Index for Osteoporosis – Simplified
Pattern of bone loss in Osteoporosis Trabecular bone responds faster to metabolic changes due to greater surface are compared to cortical bone. Non-weight bearing (secondary…
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Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation : Simplified
Immobilization Protocol Dorsal blocking orthosis Early stage (0-3/4 weeks) Intermediate stage (4-6 weeks) Late stage (6-8 weeks) Wrist: 20-30 degrees flexionMCP: 40-60 degrees flexionIP: Neutral…
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