Ivory vertebra refers to diffuse and homogenous increase in opacity of a vertebral body that retains size and contour with no change is size and opacity of adjacent intervertebral discs. Mnemonic: PH FILMS 1. Paget disease of bone 2. Hemangioma 3. Fluorosis 4. Infection (tubercular spondylitis) 5. Lymphoma (usually Hodgkin’s…
Author: Epomedicine
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MedicalVandalism.info and the Fight for Health Worker Safety in Nepal
Nepal’s health system not only suffered from infrastructural as well as human capacity deficits in recent decades, but its front-line health workers have, additionally, faced an appalling series of violent attacks upon them. Hospital vandalism, physical assault, verbal intimidation, as well as threat-making, against health workers are no longer exceptional…
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From Bedside to Boardroom: How a BSNExpands the Scope of Nursing Practice
Nursing has evolved far beyond traditional bedside care. With the growing complexity of healthcare, nurses now take on diverse roles that reflect a broader scope of practice and greater opportunities for impact. A Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is a necessary bridge—connecting direct care with leadership, policy, education, and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Thiocolchicoside vs Tizanidine vs Baclofen for Low Back Pain
Thiocolchicoside is widely used in acute muscular low back pain due to its fast-acting and less sedative profile. Tizanidine is better suited for chronic cases but requires monitoring due to sedative and hepatic effects. Baclofen is more useful for spasticity of CNS origin and is less commonly used for routine…
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Transforming Healthcare Security with AI-Powered Cameras
Introduction Healthcare facilities are facing a growing number of security threats. According to a 2024 study by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS), 82% of hospitals reported an increase in violence or threats of violence against staff. Additionally, a report from the U.S. Department of Health and…
Surgical Skills 
Eponychial Marsupialization for Chronic Paronychia
Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory recalcitrant disorder affecting the nail folds. It can be defined as an inflammation lasting for more than 6 weeks and involving one or more of the three nail folds (one proximal and two lateral). Surgical management is only indicated in cases of chronic paronychia, which…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Meniscal Tears on MRI
Meniscal tears are best seen on T1-weighted, gradient-echo and proton-density images. The menisci are low intensity on all sequences. Morphologies Meniscal tear morphology Description MRI appearance Horizontal Separates meniscus into superior (femoral) & inferior (tibial) fragments Primarily horizontal signal on sagittal images Vertical radial Splits central margin of meniscus Vertical…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Antibiofilm Antibiotics
Biofilms are immobile microbial communities which colonize and grow on surfaces of medical implants such as sutures, catheters and implants, by self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and cause infections which can only be treated by their removal. It provides additional resistance to the bacteria by various mechanisms like altered pH, osmolarity,…