Clinical trials conduct ‘human experiments’. Three fundamental principles apply: Blinding: Phases: Mnemonic: I SWIM Phase Purpose Name Sample Blinding and control 0 Initial (Pharmacokinetics and…
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Community medicine
Errors and P-value
Statistical hypotheses Null hypothesis (H0): No difference or relation exists; e.g. Treatment A is not better than Treatment B Alternative or research hypothesis (H1): Some…
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Baye’s theorem derived PPV and NPV
Let’s unveil the mathematics behind the relation between: Prevalence (Pre-test probability) Predictive value (Post-test probability) Sensitivity Specificity SYMBOLS: Total screened population = nPrevalence = PSensitivity…
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Screening tests in Series and Parallel
A. Parallel testing 2 screening tests are applied simultaneously: Disease positives: Test positive in either of the two tests (If one test is negative, still…
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Sustainable Development Goal 3 – Points to Remember
Total SDG goals: 17 Time frame: 2016-2030 Goal 3: Good health and well beings for all ages Important targets of Goal 3 (Targeted by 2030)…
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Key Health Indicators of Nepal to Remember (NDHS, 2016)
These rates, ratios and proportions are often questioned in PGMEE, pediatrics, obstetrics and preventive and social medicine (PSM) or community medicine examinations. a. Neonatal mortality…
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Which statistical test to use?
Steps: Types of data Mnemonic: NOIR Qualitative or Categorical data a. Nominal (relating to name): Groups e.g. gender (male/female), color (black/white), blood groups (A/B/AB/O), religions…
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National Immunization Schedule of Nepal (2019)
There should be at least 7 contacts of children (At birth, 6,10,14 weeks, 9, 12, 15 months) to health center to fully immunize as per…
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