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Pathology

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Is Fever a contraindication for Blood transfusion?

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha , PGY3 Orthopedics Apr 15, 2021 No Comments PathologyTransfusion medicine

In medical schools, we learn many things without knowing the actual reason behind it. One of them is the pre-transfusion fever in a patient being…

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USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Wound Healing : Stages

Epomedicine Aug 5, 2020 No Comments PathologySurgery

1. Haemostasis (immediate): In response to exposed collagen, platelets aggregate at the wound and degranulate, releasing inflammatory mediators. Clotting and complement cascades activated. Thrombus  formation and reactive…

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fetus
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Non-invasive Prenatal Screening

Epomedicine Jun 8, 2019 2 Comments ObGynPathology

Quick review/Mnemonic: PAPP-A is decreased in all trisomies.Nuchal translucency is increased in all trisomies. Inhibin A is only increased in Down’s syndrome.Beta-HCG is increased in…

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jones criteria
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Revised Jone’s Criteria – Mnemonic

Epomedicine Jun 6, 2019 No Comments Cardiovascular systemInternal medicinePathologyPediatrics

Remember SPACE LEAF for Revised Jone’s Criteria (2015). Major criteria Mnemonic: SPACE Subcutaneous nodules Pancarditis Arthritis (Polyarthritis; for moderate to high-risk population – monoarthritis also…

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bartter-gitelmann-liddle
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome

Epomedicine Jun 6, 2019 2 Comments PathologyPediatricsRenal and Electroloyte

The order of the nephron defects in Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome follows alphabetical order. Bartter: Thick ascending LOHGitelmann: Distal tubuleLiddle: Collecting duct a. Bartter…

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hla
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

HLA association mnemonics

Epomedicine Jun 1, 2019 No Comments ImmunologyPathology

The genes that encode HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) are on chromosome 6. MHC class Type Location Function I HLA-A, -B, -C All cells Recognized by…

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primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Differential Diagnoses of Bone Tumors : Mnemonic Approach

Epomedicine May 31, 2019 No Comments Musculoskeletal systemOrthopedicsPathology

Lytic and Sclerotic Bone Lesions Mnemonic for Solitary lytic lesions: FEGNOMASHIC Fibrous dysplasia Enchondroma Eosinophilic granuloma Giant cell tumor Nonossifying fibroma Osteoblastoma, Osteosarcoma (telangiectatic) Metastases…

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philadelphia chromosome
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Oncogenic Translocations to remember

Epomedicine May 23, 2019 6 Comments HematologyPathology

t(8;14): Burkitt’s lymphoma t(14;18): Follicular lymphoma t(11;14): Mantle cell lymphoma t(11,18): Marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) t(9;22): CML (Philadelphia chromosome), Bad prognosis ALL t(8;21): AML…

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