Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-systemic, granulomatous disease caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is also known as Koch’s bacillus. Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1. Ghon…
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Pathology
Lung Cancer : Mnemonics
Types Most common cancer: Metastases Primary lung cancer: Type Frequency Location Association Features Small (oat) cell carcinoma 15% Sentral (central) Smoker Neuroendocrine differentiation (Kulchitsky cells)Aggressive…
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Skin Malignancies : Mnemonics
Malignant Melanoma Diagnosis or Clinical features: Mnemonic: ABCDE Risk factors: Mnemonic: MM RISK Pathologic Types: Mnemonic: Melanoma Always Spreads to Nodes (in order of worsening…
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Jod-Basedow Phenomenon vs Wolff-Chaikoff Effect : Mnemonic
Jod = Addition in Hindi or Nepali = Iodine induced Hyperthyroidisim ChaikOFF = Thyroid hormone synthesis is switched OFF = Iodine induced Hypothyroidisim Mechanism Jod-Basedow…
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Hypertrophic Scar vs Keloid
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are both raised, firm scars formed from excess fibrinogen production and collagen during healing. Mnemonic: BAD SCARS Mnemonic Basis Hypertrophic scar…
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ALI and ARDS : Mnemonics
Diagnosis (Berlin Criteria) Mnemonic A R D S Acute Lung Injury (ALI) Acute onset (<7 days) Ratio PaO2/FiO2 ≤300 mmHg or 40 kPa Diffuse bilateral…
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Enchondroma vs Chondrosarcoma (low grade) : Mnemonic
Among cartilaginous tumors, 2 pathologies can be misleading when trying to reach a correct diagnosis: enchondroma (E), a benign tumor, and low-grade chondrosarcoma (LGC), which…
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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) : A Comprehensive Review
Introduction: Other facts: Clinical features: Diagnosis: Role of biopsy/tissue diagnosis in GIST (current consensus): Treatment: High risk features: Choices of surgery: Aim of surgery: Prognostication: …
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