In medical schools, we learn many things without knowing the actual reason behind it. One of them is the pre-transfusion fever in a patient being…
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Pathology
Wound Healing : Stages
1. Haemostasis (immediate): In response to exposed collagen, platelets aggregate at the wound and degranulate, releasing inflammatory mediators. Clotting and complement cascades activated. Thrombus formation and reactive…
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Non-invasive Prenatal Screening
Quick review/Mnemonic: PAPP-A is decreased in all trisomies.Nuchal translucency is increased in all trisomies. Inhibin A is only increased in Down’s syndrome.Beta-HCG is increased in…
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Revised Jone’s Criteria – Mnemonic
Remember SPACE LEAF for Revised Jone’s Criteria (2015). Major criteria Mnemonic: SPACE Subcutaneous nodules Pancarditis Arthritis (Polyarthritis; for moderate to high-risk population – monoarthritis also…
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Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome
The order of the nephron defects in Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome follows alphabetical order. Bartter: Thick ascending LOHGitelmann: Distal tubuleLiddle: Collecting duct a. Bartter…
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HLA association mnemonics
The genes that encode HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) are on chromosome 6. MHC class Type Location Function I HLA-A, -B, -C All cells Recognized by…
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Differential Diagnoses of Bone Tumors : Mnemonic Approach
Lytic and Sclerotic Bone Lesions Mnemonic for Solitary lytic lesions: FEGNOMASHIC Fibrous dysplasia Enchondroma Eosinophilic granuloma Giant cell tumor Nonossifying fibroma Osteoblastoma, Osteosarcoma (telangiectatic) Metastases…
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Oncogenic Translocations to remember
t(8;14): Burkitt’s lymphoma t(14;18): Follicular lymphoma t(11;14): Mantle cell lymphoma t(11,18): Marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) t(9;22): CML (Philadelphia chromosome), Bad prognosis ALL t(8;21): AML…
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