Risk factors Mnemonic: ABCD Pathophysiology Mnemonic: PPM Malnourished (depleted intracellular Phosphate, Potassium, Magnesium) → Refeeding → Increased glucose load → Insulin spikes → Drives PPM…
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Biochemistry
Bilirubin Metabolism and Disorders
Bilirubin Metabolism Mnemonic: ABCDE 1. Aged RBCs (80-85%) 2. Breakdown to Biliverdin and Bilirubin (in reticuloendothelial system) 3. Circulation 4. Delivery to liver (Conjugation) 5.…
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ABG Interpretation Made Easy
Normal values Step 1: pH Step 2: pCO2 Step 3: HCO3- Step 4: Determine compensation If there is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, determine if there…
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Calcium Metabolism
Functions Mnemonic: Six ‘C’s Contraction of muscles (Coupling of excitation-contraction) Conduction in nerves Cardiac function Coagulation in blood (Co-factor) Communication (intracellular messengers) for hormones, autacoids…
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Amylase and Lipase in Acute Pancreatitis
Test Rise Peak Return to baseline Lipase 4-6 hours 48 8-14 days Amylase 2-4 hours 24-48 5-7 days Serum lipase elevation has a better diagnostic…
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Tyrosinemia Enzymes : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: FAHeem TATtooes because of Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) Tyrosine is necessary for biosynthesis of catecholamines, thyroid hormones and melanin pigment. 1. Tyrosinemia type I (Tyrosinosis/Hepatorenal…
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Competitive, Non-competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibitors
Vmax is the maximum velocity, or how fast the enzyme can go at full ‘‘speed.’’ Vmax is reached when all of the enzyme is in…
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Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acids : Simplified
Fatty Acid Activation (Cytoplasm) Before undergoing oxidation, fatty acid must be activated first by conversion into Acyl-CoA by the action of Fatty Acyl-CoA synthase (thiokinase).…
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