GRACE, HEART and TIMI score Mnemonics : Cardiac Chest Pain Risk Stratification

inferior wall stemi ecg

GRACE Score

Mnemonic: GRACE

A. Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events

B. Renal: Creatinine

C. Age

D. Cardiac:

  • Heart rate
  • Systolic blood pressure
  • Cardiac arrest at admission
  • Killip class:
    • I – No CHF
    • II – Basal rales and/or JVD
    • III – Pulmonary edema
    • IV – Cardiogenic shock

E. ECG and Enzyme:

  • ST segement deviation on ECG
  • Abnormal cardiac enzymes

For GRACE 6 month risk score:

2 varibales are not used:

  1. Killip class
  2. Cardiac arrest at admission

3 other variables are used:

  1. History of congestive heart failure
  2. History of myocardial infarction
  3. No in-hospital PCI

HEART score

Mnemonic: HEART

a. History:

  • 2: Highly suggestive of cardiac origins
  • 1: Moderately suspicious
  • 0: Slightly suspicious

b. ECG:

  • 2: Significant ST depression
  • 1: Non-specific repolarization differences
  • 0: Normal

c. Age:

  • 2: >65 years
  • 1: 45-65 years
  • 0: <45 years

d. Risk factors:

  • 2: 3 or more risk factors or history of atherosclerotic disease
  • 1: 1-2 risk factors
  • 0: No known risk factors

e. Troponin:

  • 2: >3 x normal limit
  • 1: 1-3 x normal limit
  • 0: Within normal limit

Interpretation:

HEART score <4: Low risk (0.9-1.7%) of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) at 6 weeks (Can be considered for direct ED discharge or early discharge)

HEART score 4-6: Moderate risk (12-16.6%) of MACE at 6 weeks (Recommend admission for medical optimization and further workup)

HEART score >6: High tisk (50-65%) of MACE at 6 weeks (Recommend advancing for early coronary angiogram)

TIMI Score

Mnemonic: AMERICA

  1. Age (greater than 65 years)
  2. Markers (raised serum cardiac markers)
  3. ECG (ST segment depression ≥0.5 mm at presentation)
  4. Risk factors (atleast 3 for coronary artery disease)
  5. Ischemia (atleast 2 anginal events previous 24 hours)
  6. Coronary stenosis (prior stenosis of 50% or more)
  7. Aspirin (use in previous 7 days)

1 point for each risk factor (maximum score 7).

Interpretation:

  1. Low risk: 0-2
  2. Intermediate risk: 3-4
  3. High risk: 5-7


Write your Viewpoint 💬

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.