2 Column Concept or Principle of Acetabulum (Letournel and Judet) According to this concept, “C” shaped acetabular structure is contained between the limbs of lamda [λ] or inverted “y”. The longer limb represents anterior column and the shorter limb represents the posterior column. The anterior and posterior walls are extensions…
Tag: Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
Emergency Medicine 
Open Pelvic fractures – Classification
General principles and classification of open fractures have been discussed earlier. The Gustillo-Anderson classification commonly used for the long bone fractures might not be suitable for open pelvic fractures. Jones-Powell classification It is based on the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring and the potential contamination of the open wound….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Finger Extensor Apparatus – Simplified
Synonyms: Extensor expansion, Extensor hood, Dorsal expansion, Dorsal hood, Dorsal aponeurosis Components: Extrinsic tendons Intrinsic tendons Soft-tissue stabilizing structures Extrinsic tendon Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC; may be absent in little fingers) ± Extensor Indicis Proprius (EIP; usually ulnar to EDC) ± Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM; ulnar to EDC) passes dorsally…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Kocher Criteria for Septic Arthritis : Mnemonic
Kocher criteria can help to differentiate between spetic arthritis and transient synovitis in a case of non-traumatic painful hip in a child. A restrospective study in 104 pediatric patients has depicted that meeting 3 out of 4 crtieria would miss 52% cases and is of limited usefulness in detecting septic…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT) – Pathophysiology
Epineurium of sciatic nerve (like all other nerves) is continuous with the duramater withing the spinal canal which is firmly attached to the foramen magnum above and the filum terminale below. In the elastic neuromeningeal pathway, tension applied at one point will spread through out the length of spine until…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cruciate ligaments of Knee : Mnemonics
Mnemonic: Cross your long fingers over the index finger and superimpose this hand over your ipsilateral knee. This will help us to remember the orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of knee. Also remember the mnemonic “LAMP” which means Lateral ACL and Medial PCL….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Schatzker classification for Tibial plateau fracture : Mnemonic
Schatzker system is widely accepted and used to classify tibial plateau fractures. It is based on a 2D representation of the fracture. As a general rule, it can be divided into low-energy and lateral tibial plateau variants (types I-III) and high energy variants (type IV-VI). However, it does not include…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mirel’s Criteria or Score – Mnemonic
Mirel’s scoring system rates 4 criteria from 1 to 3 with maximum possible score of 12 to assess the risk of pathological fracture due to metastases and also serves as a guide for considering prophylactic fixation. The parameters of the criteria can be remembered using the mnemonic MIREL’S. M –…