Mnemonic: ABCDEF For images of the particular Cervical spine (C-spine) X-ray findings and views mentioned below, please refer to the links at the end of the article or use web-search. Adequacy Skull base, C1-C7 and upper T1 must be visible 3 views: True lateral, AP, Odontoid (Open mouth) +/- Swimmer’s…
Tag: Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Complications of Fractures
This is a tabulated compilation for complications of fractures in general which can be immediate, early or delayed and local or generalized/systemic. This topic is commonly tested in exams. Local Systemic Immediate 1. Soft tissue injuries (Skin, Nerve, Vessels, Muscle-tendon) 2. Physeal injury 3. Hemarthrosis 4. Local visceral injury 1….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Well’s criteria for DVT with Mnemonic
Mnemonic: ABCD(CD)E(CDE) – 4P A: Alternate diagnosis of DVT more likely (-2) B: Bedridden recently >3 days or Big (major) surgery within 3 months (+1) C: Cancer – treatment or palliation within 6 months (+1) D: Deep venous involvement: Mnemonic – CD Collateral (non-varicose) superficial veins present (+1) Deep venous…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Juncturae Tendinum
Synonyms: Connexus intertendinei, Intertendinous connections Plural: Juncturae tendinae Location: Intermetacarpal spaces in dorsum of hand between the extensor digitorum tendons Morphologic types: The usual pattern is that it gets thicker from radial to ulnar side. Type 1: Thin filamentous (square, rhomboidal or triangular) – present only in 2nd metacarpal space…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pelvic Fracture Classification and Management : Simplified
Before proceeding to this topic, it would be wise to go through the topics listed below: Tile/AO Classification Tile classification divides pelvic fractures into three basic types according to stability based on the integrity of the posterior sacroiliac complex. Here is a mnemonic that can be used to remember tile…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Ligaments of Pelvis
Inherent stability of the pelvis is provided by ligaments. The 3 groups of ligaments are: 1. Sacrum to Pelvis: Sacroiliac ligamentous complex: is divided into posterior (short and long) and anterior ligaments. Posterior ligaments provide most of the stability. Sacrotuberous ligament: runs from the posterolateral aspect of the sacrum and the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Heel Pad Avulsion Injuries
Special Anatomic Features of Heel Pad Heel pad form an almost fully contained cup-like structure consisting of skin overlying a shell of connective tissue within which fibrous septa ramify throughout the heel connecting the underlying periosteum of the calcaneus to the overlying reticular dermis, thereby anchoring skin to bone. Most…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Kanavel Sign for Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis
1. Exquisite tenderness over the course of the sheath, limited to the sheath Present in 64% cases Late sign of proximal extension of pyogenic tenosynovitis Most important sign as described by Kanavel 2. Flexion of the finger (‘hook’ sign) Present in 69% cases 3. Exquisite pain on extending the finger,…