Mnemonic: Boat starts and PRASaD DIVEs 1. pre-Botzinger complex Starts respiratory rhythm (pacemaker): Boat Starts Location: Between nucleus ambiguus and lateral reticular nucleus (upper medulla)…
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Respiratory system
Perfusion and Diffusion Limited Gas Exchange
Under resting conditions, red blood cells move through the pulmonary capillary bed in approximately 0.75 seconds (transit time), although equilibration of oxygen and carbon dioxide…
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Are You at Risk for These Common Respiratory Problems?
Whether short-term or long-term, respiratory diseases can happen to anyone, often disrupting one’s daily lifestyle and affecting his or her quality of life. According to…
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Modified Centor Criteria for Likelihood of Bacterial Infection In Sore throat
Centor Criteria Mnemonic: CENTOr 1. Cough absent or Can’t cough = +1 2. Exudates or Enlarged tonsils = +1 3. Nodes (Swollen tender anterior cervical…
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Pulmonary Embolism : Chest X-ray Signs
1. Classic presentation is normal X-ray in patient with dyspnea and hypoxia 2. Atelectasis or parenchymal abnormality (68%) 3. Elevated hemidiaphragm 4. Pleural effusion (Felson’s…
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Well’s and PERC Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism : Mnemonic
Well’s Criteria (Modified and Simplified) Mnemonic: CHADS (Remember, this is not the CHADS2 score for Atrial Fibrillation) Clinical features of DVT Cancer Heart rate >…
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Antigenic Shift and Drift
Antigenic Drift Nature of antigenic variation: Minor Mechanism: Gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions due to point mutation in the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)…
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Thoracocentesis : Practical Essentials
Absolute contraindications of thoracocentesis There are no absolute contraindications to diagnostic thoracocentesis. If clinical judgement dictates that the information gained from the pleural fluid analysis…
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