Class: Lincosamide Mechanism of action: Binds 50S subunit of ribosome and inhibits translation – bacteriostatic (Remember the mnemonic: buy AT 30 & CELLS at 50) Spectrum: Gram positive and Anaerobes Mnemonic: PAST Penicillinase producing Staphylococci Anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium) Streptococci (Viridans, Pyogenes, Pneumoniae) Toxoplasma Uses: Mnemonic: PAST Peritonitis, Pelvic abscess,…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
CTEV Made Easy
CAVE deformities Mnemonic Deformity Site Components C Cavus Midfoot Plantar flexed 1st metatarsal A Adductus Forefoot (Tarsometatarsal joint) Medial displacement of navicular and cuboid along with talar neck and head; Calcaneus and distal calcaneal articulating surfaces adducted along V Varus Hindfoot (Subtalar joint) Calcaneum is adducted, plantar flexed and inverted…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Idiopathic Scoliosis Made Easy
Definition Cobb’s angle >10° Diagnosis of exclusion: Congenital scoliosis and Neuromuscular scoliosis ruled out Types: Early onset (<10 years): Infantile: 0-3 years Juvenile: 4-10 years Late onset (>10 years) Adolescent: 10-18 years Adult: >18 years Indications for MRI in general Mnemonic: Left JAPAN Left thoracic curves Juvenile onset (<10 years)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
NSAIDs : Mnemonics
Classification Mnemonic: Prescribed By SOFIA Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Naproxen Pyrrolo-pyrrole derivates: Ketoroloac Pyrazolone derivatives: Phenylbutazone, Oxybutazone Benzoxazocine derivatives: Nefopam Salicyaltes: Aspirin Selective COX-2 inhibitor: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Parecoxib Oxicam derivatives: Piroxicam, Tenoxicam Fenamic acid derivatives: Mefenamic acid (Anthranilic acid derivative) Indol derivatives: Indomethacin, Sulindac Aryl acetic acid derivatives:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Compartments, Muscles and Fasciotomy of the leg
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Anterior compartment 1. Tibialis anterior (TA) Superior 2/3 lateral surface of tibia Medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal Dorsiflexion, foot inversion Deep peroneal nerve (L5) 2. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) Superior 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane Middle and distal phalanx, lateral 4 toes Dorsiflexion, toe extension…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Arthrodesis Positions
Arthrodesis is the surgical fusion of a diseased joint for the purposes of obtaining pain relief and stability. The bones are fused in a position permitting most useful function but lose their natural motion. Shoulder Flexion: 30° Abduction: 20° Internal rotation: 40° Elbow One side: 90° Both side: One in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Paget’s Disease of bone : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Osteitis deformans Collage of matrix madness Mnemonic: Sixteen “P”s 1. Paramyxovirus infection and inclusions in osteocalsts 2. Pain (most common symptom – localized fractures or nerve compressions) 3. Pelvis (most common site) 4. Polyostotic (more common; 85%) 5. Phases: Active (lytic, mixed, sclerotic) and Inactive 6. Plasma volume expansion…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Osteopetrosis : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Marble bone disease Albers-Schonberg disease (Autosomal dominant form) Mnemonic: OSTEOPETROSIS Osteoclast dysfunction (Carbonic anhydrase II gene mutation or chloride channel dysfunction) Symmetric skeletal sclerosis Thickened cortex with loss of medullary canal diameter (bone in bone appearance) Extramedullary hematopoiesis (aplastic anemia and hepatosplenomegaly) Overgrowth of skull foramina (cranial nerve palsies)…