COMPOSITION Powder Liquid Polymer: PMMA Monomer: MMA Initiator: BPO Accelerator: NN-DMPT (Dimethyl paratoluidine; encourage polymer and monomer to polymerize at room temperature) Radiopacifier: BaSO4/ZrO2 Stabilizer: Hydroquinone (prevent premature polymerization) Antibiotics: Gentamicin +/- Cross-linking agent (improves mechanical strength): e.g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) POLYMERIZATION MECHANISM Free radical polymerization: Initiator in powder…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
DSM-5 & ICD-11 Diagnostic Criteria for Mania : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: ME DIG FAST Required symptoms: Other symptoms: Several symptoms (ICD-11) or Atleast 3 (DSM-5) of – Mania Hypomania Required duration 7 days 4 days Functional impairment Yes No Flight of ideas & Psychotic symptoms Can have No
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
DSM-5 Schizophrenia Criteria : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: 24 DHS ABc At-least 2 core symptoms with one from the first three For atleast 4 weeks Total duration of disturbance: 2 + 4 = 6 months Core symptoms:
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Staging of Gynecological Cancers : Simplified
FIGO-staging is a classification system used to describe size and extent of gynaecological cancers, using the FIGO nomenclature (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics). Carcinoma cervix Endometrial cancer Carcinoma ovary Basis of staging Clinical (examination + radiographs) Surgical (pathologic assessment) Surgical (pathologic assessment) FIGO stages 2018 2023 2014 I Confined…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Regression Analysis for Medical Students and Doctors
Regression is a statistical tool used mainly to study the association between: Uses: Types of regression based on outcome variable (y): Remember the “NOIR” mnemonic for the types of variable. Types of regression based on number of independent variables (x): Regression vs Correlation: Correlation measures the strength of the association…
Fellowship Blog
Normal Hip Development
4-6 weeks of gestation: By 7 weeks of gestation: By 11 weeks of gestation: Late gestation: Postnatal: The acetabulum is deepened by the natural pressure from the developing femoral head on the acetabulum. Hips in newborns with developmental dysplasia are not just normal hips with capsular laxity; they are structurally…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Obstacles to reduction in Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)
Extra-articular obstacles: Secondary muscle shortening due to hip in subluxed/dislocated position Intra-articular obstacles: Results in decreased volume of the acetabulum
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Tonnis and IHDI (International Hip Dysplasia Institute) Classification for DDH
IHDI method is a new radiographic classification of the severity of hip dislocation in DDH. It is based on the location of the midpoint of superior part of ossified metaphysis (H-point) relative to acetabulum. In contrast to Tonnis classification method, IHDI method: Tonnis classification: It is assessed according to the…