In your medical school, you must have heard about the 5 “P”s of Lichen planus representing the gross morphology of Lichen Planus. This 15 P…
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Category: PGMEE, USMLE or MBBS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
HLA association mnemonics
The rhymes Two and Three – SLEThree and Four – Sugar HLA DR-2 and DR-3: SLE HLA DR-2: Japanese SLE HLA DR-3: Caucasian SLE HLA…
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Hypertensive Retinopathy Grading – Simplified
Hypertensive retinopathy has been classified by Keith, Wagener & Barker and Scheie (hypertensive and arteriosclerotic features). With this mnemonic, we will have a grading with…
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Visual cycle – Simplified
11-cis-retinal combines with opsin protein to form rhodopsin. Light stimulates conversion of rhodopsin bound 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinol (all-trans-retinol is transported from photoreceptor cells to retinal…
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Primary bone tumors – Systematic pathology
Location in bone a. Epiphysis: Pediatric: Chondroblastoma Adult: Giant cell tumor (GCT) or Osteoclastoma Other differentials: Osteomyelitis, Paget disease b. Metaphysis: Medullary: Simple (unicameral) bone…
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Errors and P-value
Statistical hypotheses Null hypothesis (H0): No difference or relation exists; e.g. Treatment A is not better than Treatment B Alternative or research hypothesis (H1): Some…
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Unforget Baye’s theorem derived PPV and NPV
Let’s unveil the mathematics behind the relation between: Prevalence (Pre-test probability) Predictive value (Post-test probability) Sensitivity Specificity SYMBOLS: Total screened population = nPrevalence = PSensitivity…
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Screening tests in Series and Parallel
A. Parallel testing 2 screening tests are applied simultaneously: Disease positives: Test positive in either of the two tests (If one test is negative, still…
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