Skip to content
Epomedicine
Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

  • Medical Students
  • Bedside Clinics
  • Case Reports
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Blog
  • Surgical Skills
  • Medical Mnemonics
Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS vomit pathway propionyl coa

VOMIT Pathway – Propionyl CoA Intermediate

Epomedicine, Jul 10, 2016

Propionyl CoA is a common intermediate in catabolism of essential amino acids and odd chain fatty acids. It is also called VOMIT pathway which stands for: Valine Odd chain fatty acids Methionine Isoleucine Threonine They enter TCA cycle – using PMS pathway: Propionyl CoA Methylmalonyl CoA Succinyl CoA Defects in…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS heme synthesis pathway

Heme Synthesis and Defects Simplified

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jul 9, 2016Oct 4, 2016

Structure of Heme Heme is a ferro-proto-porphyrin. Heme = Protoporphyrin IX ring + Iron (Fe) in center Protoporphyrin IX = porphyrin with attachment to 4 Methyl, 2 Propionyl and 2 Vinyl groups. Porphyrin = Cyclic structure with 4 pyrrole rings Pyrrole rings are derived from Porphobilinogen (PBG) Hydroxymethylbilane = Linear…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS unstable plaque

Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology

Epomedicine, Jul 9, 2016Jul 9, 2016

Definitions of Related Terms A) Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD): It is the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, resulting in myocardial hypoxia and accumulation of waste metabolites. The components of IHD are: Stable Angina Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) B) Stable Angina: Pattern of chronic, predictable, transient chest discomfort during…

Continue Reading
Blog empathy cartoon

Medical Humanities in Nepal

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jul 7, 2016Jan 16, 2017

The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling, not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head. – Mark E Silverman Shapiro et.al. defined medical humanities  with characteristic features: Use of methods, concepts, and content from one or more…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS cholesterol synthesis pathway

Cholesterol Synthesis Mnemonic

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jul 6, 2016Aug 23, 2020

Liver as a hub of cholesterol metabolism All nucleated cells have the capacity to synthesize cholesterol from acetyl-CoA (like most biological lipids). 90% of synthesis occurs in liver and intestine. The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway involves enzymes that are in the cytoplasm, microsomes (ER), and peroxisomes. Liver obtains cholesterol from 3…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS liporptoein receptors

Lipoprotein Metabolism Simplified

Epomedicine, Jul 6, 2016Jul 30, 2018

Lipoproteins Composition of Lipoproteins: Non-polar core – mainly triglycerides and cholesteryl esters Single surface layer – amphipathic phospholipids and cholesterol Apoprotein or Apolipoprotein Class Abbreviation Density Protein Lipid content Electrophoretic mobility Chylomicrons CM lowest lowest highest (exogenous triacylglycerol) don’t migrate Very low density lipoproteins VLDL .. .. .. (endogenous triacylglycerol)…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS neutropenia

Neutropenic Fever and Empiric Therapy

Epomedicine, Jul 4, 2016Jul 4, 2016

Synonym: Febrile Neutropenia Definition of Neutropenic Fever Fever: Single oral temperature ≥ 38.3 °c (101 °F) or ≥ 38 °c (100.4 °F) sustained over 1 hour Neutropenia: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) <500 cells/cu.mm or ANC expected to fall <500/cu.mm in next 48 hours Profound neutropenia: ANC <100/cu.mm Prolonged neutropenia: Neutropenia for >7 days…

Continue Reading
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS lung cancer pathophysiology

Bronchogenic Carcinoma Etiopathogenesis

Epomedicine, Jul 2, 2016Jul 2, 2016

INCIDENCE Male > Female Age group: 50-75 years Second highest cancer in both sexes after prostate (male) and breast (female) Smokers > Non-smokers ETIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER A. Cigarette smoking: Smoking is the single most important risk factor for lung cancer, which can cause all types of lung cancer but…

Continue Reading
  • Previous
  • 1
  • …
  • 116
  • 117
  • 118
  • …
  • 138
  • Next

Pre-clinical (Basic Sciences)

Anatomy

Biochemistry

Community medicine (PSM)

Embryology

Microbiology

Pathology

Pharmacology

Physiology

Clinical Sciences

Anesthesia

Dermatology

Emergency medicine

Forensic

Internal medicine

Gynecology & Obstetrics

Oncology

Ophthalmology

Orthopedics

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Pediatrics

Psychiatry

Radiology

Surgery

RSS Ask Epomedicine

  • What to study for Clinical examination in Orthopedics?
  • What is the mechanism of AVNRT?

Epomedicine weekly

  • About Epomedicine
  • Contact Us
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit Article
  • Editorial Board
  • USMLE
  • MRCS
  • Thesis
©2025 Epomedicine . All rights reserved.