Somogyi effect and Dawn Phenomenon – Mnemonic

Both Somogyi effect and Dawn phenomenon are the cause of MORNING FASTING HYPERGLYCEMIA.

Mnemonic:

Somogyi = So Much Insulin
Dawn = Down Insulin

a. Somogyi effect:

Excess exogenous insulin β†’ Middle night hypoglycemia β†’ Release of counter-regulatory hormones β†’ Rebound morning hyperglycemia

b. Dawn effect:

Normal release of morning hormones (growth hormones, cortisol, catecholamines) β†’ Inadequate endogenous insulin production β†’ Morning hyperglycemia

Differentiating somogyi and dawn effect as the cause of morning hyperhlycemia:

Measure blood glucose at 2-3 AM, and at normal wake-up time for several nights:

  1. Low blood glucose at 2-3 AM: Somogyi effect
  2. Normal or high blood glucose at 2-3 AM: Dawn phenomenon


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