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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Thiocolchicoside vs Tizanidine vs Baclofen for Low Back Pain

Epomedicine, Apr 30, 2025Apr 30, 2025

Thiocolchicoside is widely used in acute muscular low back pain due to its fast-acting and less sedative profile. Tizanidine is better suited for chronic cases but requires monitoring due to sedative and hepatic effects. Baclofen is more useful for spasticity of CNS origin and is less commonly used for routine…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Meniscal Tears on MRI

Epomedicine, Apr 24, 2025Apr 24, 2025

Meniscal tears are best seen on T1-weighted, gradient-echo and proton-density images. The menisci are low intensity on all sequences. Morphologies Meniscal tear morphology Description MRI appearance Horizontal Separates meniscus into superior (femoral) & inferior (tibial) fragments Primarily horizontal signal on sagittal images Vertical radial Splits central margin of meniscus Vertical…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Antibiofilm Antibiotics

Epomedicine, Apr 22, 2025

Biofilms are immobile microbial communities which colonize and grow on surfaces of medical implants such as sutures, catheters and implants, by self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and cause infections which can only be treated by their removal. It provides additional resistance to the bacteria by various mechanisms like altered pH, osmolarity,…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Rifampicin : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Apr 21, 2025Apr 21, 2025

Synonym: Rifampin Mnemonic: RIFAMPIN R: RNA polymerase inhibition I: Induces CYP450 F: Flu-like symptoms, Fluid (sweat, urine, tears, saliva) discoloration A: AST/ALT elevation (Hepatotoxicity is a possible complication) M: Mycobacteria (M. Tuberculosis, M. Leprae, MAI treatment) and Meningitis (N. Meningitidis prophylaxis for close contacts) P: Penetrates granuloma, biofilm and blood-brain-barrier,…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Heel Pad Syndrome vs Plantar Fasciitis

Epomedicine, Apr 18, 2025Apr 18, 2025

Heel pad syndrome and plantar fasciitis both cause heel pain, but they affect different areas and have distinct characteristics. Further reading and differential diagnoses of heel pain: Heel Pain : Mnemonic Plantar Fasciitis Heel Pad Syndrome Definition Inflammation of the calcaneal origin of plantar fascia Traumatic irritation of the specialized…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Basilar Thumb or 1st CMCJ Osteoarthritis

Epomedicine, Apr 17, 2025Apr 17, 2025

Tips to remember this classification include: Eaton Stage Joint Subluxation Osteophyte Surgery I 1st CMCJ widened <1/3 No Volar Ligament Reconstruction II 1st CMCJ narrowed <1/3 <2 mm 1. Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition (LRTI) 2. Single interposition 3. Suspensionplasty 4. Metacarpal osteotomy III 1st CMCJ severely narrowed ≥1/3 >2…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Scapular Dyskinesis

Epomedicine, Apr 16, 2025Apr 16, 2025

Definition: Abnormal scapular motion which may refer to – Causes: 1. Primary: Due to abnormalities arising in Scapulo-thoracic articulation, periscapular muscles and nerves 2. Secondary: Response to shoulder abnormalities Types: It is categorized into three main types based on the prominence of specific areas of the scapula during movement. Clinical…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Kambin’s Triangle or Prism

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Apr 10, 2025Apr 10, 2025

There is confusion regarding the borders of Kambin’s triangle across the literature. Kambin originally described the borders of this triangular working zone as: Though it was named as a “triangle” it was described with 4 borders with 2 triangles (in AP view and Lateral view) which gives a 3D structure…

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