Imagine DNA as a zipper Prokaryotic DNA as a zipper with single slider (single origin of replication) and Eukaryotic DNA as a zipper with two sliders (multiple origin of replication). Zipper teeth: Purines and pyrimidine bases Complementary teeth pair: Complementary base pairs attached by hydrogen bonds Top stops: Origin of…
Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics
He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music. He is currently pursuing Fellowship in Hip, Pelvi-acetabulum and Arthroplasty at B&B Hospital.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Lysosomal Storage Disorders Made Easy
Among the common lysosomal storage disorders: Two of them are Mucopolysaccharidoses (Hunter and Hurler syndrome) Pompe’s disease is Glycogen Storage Disease. Others are Sphingolipidoses. Inheritance of Lysosomal Storage Diseases All are inherited as Autosomal Recessive (AR) condition except: Hunter syndrome (X-linked recessive) Fabry’s disease (X-linked recessive) Higher risk in Ashkenazi…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Glycogen Storage Diseases with Mnemonics
Once again, I’m back with a biochemistry topic that everyone hates. Let’s try to break the topic, simplify it and cover all the important aspects of Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSD). 7 types of Glycogen Storage Diseases Mnemonic:VP CAM HT. This is a pretty lame mnemonic for the order of the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Chemokines Mnemonics
Difference between cytokines and chemokines Cytokines are small proteins released by cells, the function of which is “cell-signaling“. Chemokines are small cytokines, which functions as a “chemo-attractant“. Types of Chemokines When you go through the structural classification of chemokines, you come accross various arrangements of letter: C: denotes cysteine X:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Simple Coagulation Cascade with Mnemonics
In medical school, coagulation cascade might be a pain to learn and teach as well. Plenty of roman numerals with arrows going here and there – is this the reason you hate coagulation cascade? I will pretty much try to simplify the whole thing with essential clinical correlation here. I…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Opioid Receptors Mnemonic
Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands. Mu (µ) Receptor (MOP) Mnemonic: MU CARDS Miosis eUphoria Constipation Analgesia (Supraspinal + Spinal) Respiratory depression Rigidity (truncal) Dependency Sedation µ1 mediates supraspinal analgesia, and most of other effects including spinal analgesia is mediated by µ2. Kappa…
Emergency Medicine
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Supraventricular Tachycardia vs Sinus Tachycardia
Yesterday, I had encountered a tachycardic patient with heart rate 160/min. Somewhere in medical school, I was taught that the sinus tachycardia with heart rate >160/min must be considered as a Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). With such misinformation, it was easier for me to overlook the fact that the patient was…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Depression Criteria Mnemonic
Mnemonic: DEPRESSION Major symptoms Depressed mood Energy loss or fatigue Pleasure loss or anhedonia Minor symptoms Retardation or agitation (psychomotor) Eating and weight change (at least 5% in the last month) Sleep changed – insomnia or hypersomnia Suicidial ideation or behavior I‘m a failure (Loss of confidence or self-esteem) Only…