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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Tag: Pharmacology

Clinical Skills and Approaches opioid algorithm

Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain

Epomedicine, Jan 12, 2017Jan 12, 2017

Recommendations for Prescribing Opioid in Chronic pain 1. 1st line of therapy in chronic pain outside of active cancer, palliative or end of life care must be nonpharmacologic therapy and nonopioid pharmacologic. Consider opioid therapy in combination with nonpharmacologic or nonopioid pharmacologic therapy if benefits outweighs risk. 2. Ordinarily 2…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS opioid receptors

Opioid Receptors Mnemonic

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jan 4, 2017Jan 7, 2017

Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands. Mu (µ) Receptor (MOP) Mnemonic: MU CARDS Miosis eUphoria Constipation Analgesia (Supraspinal + Spinal) Respiratory depression Rigidity (truncal) Dependency Sedation µ1 mediates supraspinal analgesia, and most of other effects including spinal analgesia is mediated by µ2. Kappa…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS antidepressant side effects

Antidepressants Made Easy

Epomedicine, Jan 4, 2017

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) Mnemonic: -pramine, -triptyline, -pin Secondary amines: predominantly norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Nor-triptyline Desi-pramine Tertiary amines: Ami-triptyline Imi-pramine Clomi-pramine Doxe-pin Irreversible MAO Inhibitors Mnemonic: TIPS Non-selective MAO inhibitors: Tranylcypromine Isocarboxazid Phenelzine Selective MAO-B inhibitor: Selegiline (transdermal patch) Reversible Inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA) Moclobemide Tolaxatone Tetracyclic Antidepressants Nonselective inhibitor of…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS steroid leukocytosis mechanism

Steroid Induced Leukocytosis

Epomedicine, Dec 23, 2016Dec 23, 2016

Mechanism of Steroid Induced Leukocytosis There are 3 major mechanisms responsible for corticosteroid induced granulocytosis: 1. Demargination of neutrophils from endothelial cells (60% of the rise): Recall the leukocyte adhesion cascade in the chapter of inflammation. L-selectins are present in leukocytes that mediates their rolling on the endothelial lining of…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS mdr xdr tb

Drug Resistance TB Management Summary

Epomedicine, Dec 14, 2016Sep 13, 2020

Antitubercular drug symbols H = Isoniazid R = Rifampicin Z = Pyrazinamide E = Ethambutol S = Streptomycin Km = Kanamycin Cm = Capreomycin Lfx = Levofloxacin Ofx = Ofloxacin Mfx = Moxifloxacin Eto = Ethionamide PAS = Para-aminosalicylic acid Cs = Cycloserine Amx/Clv = Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Bdq = Bedaquiline Lzd…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS dependence cycle

Substance abuse vs Substance dependence

Epomedicine, Nov 4, 2016Nov 10, 2016

Both of these substance use disorders are maladpative patterns of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment/distress but defined by separate criteria. Substance abuse ≥1 of the following occurring within a 12 month period: Mnemonic: 4 Rs Role failure: Recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill role obligation Risky behavior:…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS theracys bcg

BCG for Urinary Bladder Cancer and BCG sepsis

Epomedicine, Dec 30, 2015

The objectives of intravesical therapy in bladder cancer is to: avoid post-TURB (Transurethral resection of bladder) implantation of tumor cells eradicate residual disease prevent tumor recurrence delay or reduce tumor progression Indications of BCG in bladder cancer: Intravesical treatment and prophylaxis of bladder CIS Prophylaxis of primary or recurrent stage Ta and/or…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS chemotherapy action

Principles of Chemotherapy

Epomedicine, Dec 26, 2015Jul 2, 2016

Master the knowledge of clinically relevant cell cycle to understand the principles of chemotherapy. Tumors that are highly responsive to chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., testicular cancer, lymphomas) tend to have a very rapid doubling time compared to tumors that are less responsive to chemotherapy (e.g., pancreatic and prostate cancers). The tumor doubling time of metastases…

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