Statins Equivalent Dose Mnemonic: PRASLPF 2-5-10-20-40-40-80 Pituvastatin 2 mg Rosuvastatin 5 mg Atorvastatin 10 mg Simvastatin 20 mg Lovastatin 40 mg Pravastatin 40 mg Fluvastatin 80 mg Intensity of Statins a. High intensity (LDL lowering >/= 50%) Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg b. Moderate intenstity (LDL lowering 30-49%) Atorvastatin…
Tag: Pharmacology
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Beta-Blockers : Mnemonics
We have 1 heart and 2 lungs. a. B1 – heartb. B2 – bronchial wall Cardioselective (B1) vs Non-selective (B1 and B2) beta blockers Beta blockers with 1st letter from A to N are Cardioselective: Acebutolol Atenolol Bispoprolol Betaxolol Celiprolol Esmolol Metoprolol Nebivolol Nebivolol = NO donor Beta blockers with…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pharmacokinetics Mnemonics
ADME is the 4-letter acronym used to describe pharmacokinetics: ABCD is another 4-letter acronym used to describe pharmacokinetics: The most important pharmacokinetic parameters from a dosing point of view are: Vd = Volume of distributionD = DoseCo = Concentration in plasmaCL = ClearancekE = Elimination constantt1/2 = Half life In…
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Acyclovir Post-exposure Prophylaxis for Varicella: Is it helpful?
Dose: 80 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 7 days; maximum 800 mg 4 times a day Time to start prophylaxis: 7-10 days after exposure (late incubation period) Indication: People without evidence of immunity and with contraindications for varicella vaccination (VZIg) Results from some studies Among 27 children in the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Competitive, Non-competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibitors
Vmax is the maximum velocity, or how fast the enzyme can go at full ‘‘speed.’’ Vmax is reached when all of the enzyme is in the enzyme–substrate complex. Km is the substrate concentration at which v = 1/2 Vmax. Km approximately describes the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Signaling Pathways of Hormones : Mnemonic
cAMP Mechanism Mnemonic: FLAT CAMP B-HCGS Remember “B-FLAT” mnemonic for hormones secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary. This is the same “FLAT” here. Also CAMP matches cAMP. Beta-HCG works by cAMP mechanism. All 2 except Beta 1 and 5-HT1 So, this is an easy mnemonic to remember. FSH…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Long term PPI use : Associated risks
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are often self-prescribed by the patients and since PPIs are available over-the-counter, patients can have free access to them and for long periods of time, without seeking medical attention. Although guidelines for OTC use suggest a short course (2 week treatment) of PPIs in patients with typical…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Ethambutol Induced Optic Neuropathy
Mechanism of Ethambutol induced optic neuropathy Ethambutol is metabolized to a chelating agent. The chelating agent formed then may impair the function of metal-containing mitochondiral enzymes, such as the copper containing cytochrome-c oxidase of complex IV and the iron containing NADH:Q oxidoreductase of complex I. These mitochondrial respiratory chain play…