Boundary lubrication A monolayer of lubricant molecule (lubricin) adsorbed on each surface (boundary) of the joint prevents direct cartilage to cartilage (articular) contact Fluid-film lubrication Cartilage surfaces are separated by a fluid film 1. Hydrodynamic lubrication: 2. Squeeze film lubrication: 2. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication: Combination of hydrodynamic and squeeze film Mixed…
Tag: Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
Surgical Skills
Biomechanics in MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis)
1. Provides optimal environment for fracture healing: 2. Relative stability of fracture: 3. Acts as internal fixator: 4. Plate length and Number of screws in Bridge plate function: 5. Plate working length: References:
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerves
Origin: Tibial nerve (both medial and lateral plantar nerve) Similar to: Course and innervation: Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve Origin Larger branch of tibial nerve Smaller branch of tibial nerve Course Deep to abductor hallucis muscleBetween 1st and 2nd plantar layers Deep to abductor hallucis muscleBetween 1st and 2nd…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Clarke’s test
Synonyms: Patellofemoral grind test, Patella hold test, Zohler’s sign Tests for: Patellofemoral dysfunction Patient position: Lying down with knees extended and relaxed (heels on table) Technique: 1. Place the webspace of thumb on the upper pole of patella and push it inferiorly. 2. Ask the patient to contract his/her quadriceps…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Median, Ulnar and Radial Nerve – Course and Innervation
Median nerve, Ulnar nerve and Radial nerve are the 3 major nerves of the upper limb originating from the brachial plexus. Some important neuroanatomic relationships in the forearm are: 1. Medial nerve: Crossed by brachial artery from lateral to medial just above the elbow to lie medial to brachial artery…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Foot Drop : Differentials
Foot drop can result from: L5 radiculopathy Lumbar plexopathy Sciatic neuropathy Peroneal neuropathy Causes Disc herniation, Spinal canal stenosis Pelvic surgery, hematoma, prolonged labor Hip surgery, Injection injury Compression/trauma Motor Weakness includes muscles and hip abductors Weakness includes hip abductors and anal sphincter Weakness includes tibial and hamstring muscles Weakness…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Orthopedic Examination Made Easy
Orthopedic examination is a fundamental aspect of assessing musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, and disorders. This comprehensive guide aims to provide healthcare professionals, students, and practitioners with a thorough understanding of the principles, techniques, and best practices involved in conducting orthopedic examinations. By examining the mechanics behind the tests, readers will gain…
Emergency Medicine
Hematoma Block
Hematoma block is a technique in which a local anesthetic agent is injected directly into the hematoma surrounding the fracture, the location of which is confirmed by aspirating blood into the syringe. Indications of Hematoma Block Contraindications of Hematoma Block Hematoma blocks typically are ineffective in open fractures. Mechanism of…