ATLS’ 80/70/60 rule On the basis of location of pulse palpable, minimum systolic blood pressure can be predicted as follows: Radial/Dorsalis pedis/Popliteal pulse: >80 mmHg Femoral pulse: >70 mmHg Carotid pulse: >60 mmHg Overestimation of SBP by Pulses Pulse characteristics are an unreliable sign and “should be used only as…
Tag: Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Carpal Bones Ossification: Mnemonic
Roughly one center appears per year from the age of 1 year to 7 years, anti-clockwise in right hand and clock-wise in left hand looking from the anterior surface, i.e. from ulnar side to radial side. Pisiform, being a sesamoid bone it gets left behind and only develops years later. capitate: 1-3 months hamate:…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Tests for Knee Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Lacchman’s test It is performed with the patient supine and the knee flexed 20–30°. The examiner grasps the distal femur (from lateral side) with one hand and the proximal tibia with the other hand (from medial side). The lower leg is given a brisk forward tug…
Emergency Medicine 
Ligament Tests for Ankle Injuries
Anterior Drawer Test Assesses: Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) Position: Knee joint in flexion and ankle in 10-15 degrees plantar flexion Maneuver: The examiner exerts a downward force on the tibia while simultaneously attempting to “lift up” the foot while grasping behind the heel. Interpretation: A significant difference from the unaffected…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Salter Harris Classification for Physeal Fracture: Mnemonic
In children, the growth plate (physis) is a zone of cartilate situated between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones. Cartilage is weaker than bone and thus is a common site of fracture. The Salter-Harris classification consists of 5 different types of growth plate fractures based on the location…
Emergency Medicine 
Ottawa Foot, Ankle and Knee rules – Mnemonic
Ottawa Ankle and Foot Rules Mnemonic: 44-55-66-PM Patients need an X-ray only if: 4: Unable to do 4 steps immediately AND4: Unable to do 4 steps at Emergency Department OR 5: Has pain at the base of 5th metatarsal5: Has pain at the 5caphoid (Navicular) OR 6: Tenderness in 6…
Emergency Medicine 
Log Rolling Maneuver : Steps
Step 1: Rescuer 1 stabilizes head and neck in neutral position without applying traction. He/she should grasp the patient’s shoulders at the neck and gently position the patient’s head betweeen the forearms. Another rescuer should apply a semirigid extrication collar. Even with the collar in place, Rescuer 1 must maintain…
Emergency Medicine 
Open fractures : Mnemonics
Gustilo Anderson Classification Mnemonics:1. Parameters: ABCD’S (Area, Bone, Circulation, Dirt, Soft tissue)2. Classification: I, II, III then A, B, C Progression for grade I to III C implies a higher degree of energy involved in the injury, higher soft tissue and bone damage, and higher potential for complications. Type I:…