List of Foramina from Anterior to Posterior Mnemonic: Old Rotund Owls Spin Lazily These foramina are in the Sphenoid bone. Contents of Foramina 1. Superior…
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Nervous system
Facet Joint Orientation : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: BUM BUL BUM The superior articular process faces: 1. Cervical vertebra: BUM 2. Thoracic vertebra: BUL 3. Lumbar vertebra: BUM
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Eliciting Primitive Neonatal Reflexes
Neonatal reflexes are the reflexes which are present at birth and have a predictable course of appearance and disappearance. A normally developing newborn should respond…
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Spine Examination
Follow the general principles of orthopedic examination listed in the article below. Exposure Undress leaving the undergarments Surface markings: 1. 1st palpable spinous process –…
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Inverted Reflexes
An inverted tendon reflex refers to the elicitation of the movement opposite to that normally seen when the reflex is elicited. Mechanism of Inverted Reflexes…
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Hoffmann’s Sign
History Method of Eliciting Hoffmann’s Reflex Mechanism of Positive Hoffmann’s Reflex Sudden stretch of the finger flexors causes involuntary finger flexor contraction due to activation…
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Motor March Phenomenon
Motor march phenomenon is a sign of reinnervation like Hoffman-Tinel’s sign which has been discussed earlier. Observed in: Axonotmesis Repaired Neurotmesis Not observed in: Neuropraxia…
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Romberg test
Tests the function of: Posterior or Dorsal column which may be impaired in: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of spinal cord (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Posterior cord…
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