Peculiarities of cerebral circulation: 1. Brain and spinal cord is isolated from endothelium by BBB composed of continuous capillaries that limits movement of proteins and…
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Nervous system
Febrile Seizure : Clinical approach
A) General consideration: Febrile seizures are seizures during fever occuring between 6 months and 5 years of age in absence of: CNS infections Abnormal neurologic…
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Pure Tone Audiogram and Interpretation
Relevant terms and definitions: 1. Pure tone: A single frequency sound 2. Audiometer: Equipment used to generate pure tones of varying frequency and loudness and…
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Pathological reflexes – Variations of Babinski
Normally, the pathological reflexes are not evident because they are suppressed by cerebrum at brainstem or spinal cord level by 6 months of age. Importance:…
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Meningeal signs
Meningitis refers to the inflammation of leptomeninges and underlying subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Meningism or meningismus is a morbid state characterized by a meningitic syndrome (a…
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Headbanging Injuries
It all began in a tour of Led Zeppelin – the craftsmen of one of the most popular rock songs of the past 40 years…
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Facial Nerve Anatomy
SYNONYMS: Cranial nerve seven (VII), Nervus facialis COURSE OF FACIAL NERVE Supranuclear pathways 1. Somatomotor cortex: controlling motor component of facial nerve lies in precentral…
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Autonomous Sensory Zones of Peripheral Nerves
Synonym: Autonomous area Definition: These are the regions where single nerve roots supply distinct and non-overlapping areas of skin. By their nature the “autonomous zones”…
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