ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) Usually elevated within 48-72 hours of the infection onset (less reliable in the first 48 hours of infection) Continues to rise for 3-5 days after institution of successful therapy and continuing rise beyond 4th-5th day of treatment can be an indication of treatment failure (not good…
Tag: Infectious disease
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Ten Diagnostic Dilemmas in Neonatal Meningitis
Incidence the global incidence of neonatal sepsis at 5–6 per 1000 live births and that of meningitis at 0.7–1 (2.4–16 in South and South-East Asia, 6–21 in sub-Saharan Africa, and 1.8–12 in the Middle East and North Africa) Causative Agents : Group B streptococci Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae …
Case Reports 
A Case of Neonatal Umbilical Infection leading to Septic Shock
Case report A Preterm neonate of 33 weeks gestation deteriorated on day 2 with septic shock and decreased urine output rapidly over 12 hours. Baby was pale and CRT was prolonged. A Workup was sent and empirical antibiotics were started. Baby needed Inotrope support and improved over next 24-48 hours….
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Donning and Doffing Sequence – Mnemonic
It’s Covid-19 pandemic and it seems like Covid is here to stay for a while. Donning (putting on) and Doffing (taking off) of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) have suddenly gained a great importance for the health professionals and many of us must have already practised this. RN Susan E. Sammons…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Definitions, Criteria and Classifications in Osteomyelitis
Morrey and Peterson’s Definition of Osteomyelitis Definite osteomyelitis: Positive bone or adjacent soft tissue culture or histologic evidence Probable osteomyelitis: Positive blood culture + Clinical & radiological evidence of osteomyelitis Likely osteomyelitis: Typical clinical and radiographic features of osteomyelitis responding to antibiotic therapy (in absence of positive culture) Peltola and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Dengue Classification : Mnemonic
Probable Dengue Mnemonic: FEVeR TLC (Send Total Leukocyte Count in Fever) a. Feverb. Endemic area (living or travel)and 2 of –c. Vomiting and nausead. Rashe. Tourniquet test positivef. Leukopenia (EARLIEST sign)g. Cramps and cries (Aches and pains) Tourniquet test: Inflate the BP cuff between SBP and DBP and keep it…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Clinical Criteria for Diagnosis of Enteric Fever
In the Absence of Microbiological Confirmation, these case defintions and criteria may be helpful. Case definitions of Typhoid Fever a. Confirmed enteric fever: A patient with persistent fever (38 °C or more) lasting 3 or more days, with laboratory-confirmed S. typhi organisms (blood, bone marrow, bowel fluid) A clinical compatible…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Fever : Definition, Mechanism and Types
Definition of Fever Studies have found that the maximum normal oral temperature is 37.2ºC (98.9ºF) at 6 A.M. and 37.7ºC (99.9ºF) at 4 P.M.; these values define the 99th percentile for healthy individuals. Hence, an A.M. temperature of >37.2ºC (>98.9ºF ) or a P.M. temperature of >37.7ºC (>99.9ºF) would define…