All Local anesthetics contain suffix “-caine”. Local Anesthetics (LA) can be classified as: Esters and Amides. Esters vs Amides A mnemonic device is that the…
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Anesthesia
Priming, Precurarization and Self taming
Priming Administration of a small sub-paralyzing dose of non-depolarizing muscular blocking agent (usually 10% of the intubating dose) is given 2-4 minutes before administering a…
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Concentration effect, Second gas effect and Diffusion hypoxia
Concentration effect The higher the concentration of an inhaled anesthetic, the faster the alveolar concentration approaches the inhaled concentration. This is referred to as concentration…
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Mapleson Breathing Circuit Made Easy
Anatomy of Mapleson Breathing Circuit Basically, a mapleson breathing circuit consists of following parts: 1. Face mask (towards patient end) 2. Reservoir bag (towards operator…
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Early vs Delayed Norepinephrine Use in Septic Shock
Norepinephrine has numerous effects in sepsis including veno-constriction (increasing preload), arterial constriction (increasing systemic vascular resistance), positive inotropy, improved cardiac output, and improved renal perfusion.…
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Septic Shock Fluid Resuscitation
Endpoints of resuscitation MAP: > or = 65 mmHg Urine output: > 0.5 ml/kg/hr; despite ↓RBF (Renal Blood Flow) it can be normal due to…
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Is there no role of Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) in Sepsis and Septic shock?
International Surviving Sepsis Campaign has recommended Early Goal Directed Therapy for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Recently, three large multicenter studies –…
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Head trauma fluid resuscitation
Peculiarities of cerebral circulation: 1. Brain and spinal cord is isolated from endothelium by BBB composed of continuous capillaries that limits movement of proteins and…
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