Besides, for the emergency/urgent surgeries, one needs to evaluate 4 variables in the preoperative cardiac evaluation of the patient for the non-cardiac surgery. We have elaborated the mnemonics used by CasesBlog. These variables can be remembered by the mnemonic PAST. Patient risk Activity level (METs) Surgical risk Test (Stress test)…
Tag: Anesthesia
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve : Mnemonic
The oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve is sigmoidal in shape because the binding of 1st oxygen molecule is difficult, however once bound, they facilitate the binding of subsequent molecules until the saturation is reached (plateau). This is called the allosteric interaction (cooperativity). Lets come to the mnemonics now. The curve can…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Opioid Adverse Effects – Mnemonic
Mnemonic: MORPHINES 1. Miosis Mechanism: Stimulation of Edinger-Westphal nucleus of Cranial nerve III 2. Orthostatic hypotension Mechanism: Vasodilation due to – Direct action decreasing tone of blood vessels Histamine release Depression of vasomotor center 3. Respiratory depression Mechanism: Inhibits respiratory center in a dose-dependent manner (neurogenic, hypercapneic and hypoxic drives…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Tourniquet Paralysis Syndrome
Synonym: Pressure paralysis Mechanism: Direct extrinsic pressure (displacement of ranvier node) or axonal hypoxia on the nerves beneath the tourniquet and are related to the cuff pressure and duration of application.\ It is different from post tourniquet syndrome which caused due to combined effect of muscle ischemia, edema and microvascular…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Nerve fibers – Classification
Nerve fibers can be classified as A, B and C and A type fibers can be further classified into alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The size and myelination (thus conduction) progressively decreases in the descending order. A alpha: Efferent (Somatic motor) – To extrafusal fibers (muscle spindle) Afferent (Proprioception): Ia…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Synonyms: CRPS, Sudeck’s atrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, RSD, Causalgia Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a persistent neuropathic pain syndrome of an inappropriate intensity due to sustained sympathetic activity with the absence of impending or ongoing tissue damage. There are 2 types of CRPS: Type 1 (Sudeck’s atrophy or Reflex…
Emergency Medicine
GIK Regimen – Rule of Ten
Interchangably used as: GIK or GKI regimen. GKI stands for Glucose, Potassium and Insulin. This simple and effective combined insulin delivery method has gained wide acceptance in perioperative management of diabetic patients who would require Nil Per Oral (NPO) status. Recently, this composition has also been used for management of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Ankle block : Nerves and Landmarks
Mnemonic: The 3 nerves starting with letter “S” are sensory only and supply superior and side aspect of foot (dorsum). 1. Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1): located lateral to Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Supplies: dorsum of foot and toes except between the great and 2nd toe 2. Sural nerve (S1-S2): It…