Type Dominant pedicle Minor pedicle Example I 1 – Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) II 1 1 Gracilis III 2 – Gluteus maximus IV – Multiple Sartorius V 1 Multiple Lattisimus dorsi Mnemonic: Ten Graceful Glutes Sat on Latrines Type I: TFL Type II: Gracilis Type III: Gluteus maximus Type IV:…
Emergency Medicine 
Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) – Mnemonic Approach
Approach the patient with 9 Ps. 0-10 minutes (Possibility of Success): Anticipating difficult airway Mnemonic: LEMON approach 1. Look externally: Remember “BONES“ Beard Obesity No teeth Elderly Sleep apnea/Snoring 2. Evaluate 3-3-2 rule: Ideal dimensions for visualization of larynx 3 fingers in mouth: adequate mouth opening 3 fingers under the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Axillary Artery Mnemonics
Origin of Axillary Artery: Continuation of Subclavian artery Extent of Axillary Artery: Outer border of 1st rib to Lower border of teres major (terminates as brachial artery) Relation to Axillary Vein: Lateral to Axillary Vein 3 Parts of Axillary Artery: In relation to Pectoralis Minor muscle 1st part: Proximal 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Maxillary Artery : Mnemonic
Origin of Maxillary artery: Terminal branch of External Carotid Artery (ECA) Derived from: 1st Arch Divisions of Maxillary artery: 3 parts by lateral pterygoid Branches of Maxillary artery Remember: Branches from 1st part Branches from the 2nd part Mnemonic: They supply muscles of mastication which are also derivatives of the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Branches of Subclavian artery : Mnemonic
Origin of Subclavian artery: Left: Arch of aorta Right: Brachiocephalic artery Extent of Subclavian artery: Arises posterior to sternoclavicular joint and ends at outer border of 1st rib by becoming acillary artery. Divisions of Subclavian artery: 3 parts in relation to Scalenus anterior muscle 1st part (medial to muscle) 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Fever and Rash : Mnemonic Based Approach
Seven Killer Causes of Fever and Rash Mnemonic: SMARTTT Sepsis Meningococcemia Acute endocarditis Rocky mountain spotted fever Toxic erythemas Toxic epidermal necrolysis Travel-related infections Onset of Rash with “X” Days of Fever Mnemonic: Very Sick Person Must Take Double Eggs Varicella (Chicken pox): 1st day (rash is often 1st sign…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Erythropoiesis Simplified
Hemoglobin Switching mnemonics 1st to appear: Embryonic hemoglobin (Gower and Portland) Switch from fetal hemoglobin to adult hemoglobin: “Gamma goes, Beta becomes, Alpha always” Fetal hemoglobin: α2γ2 Adult hemoglobin: α2β2 ζ chain α chain ε chain HbE Gower 1 HbE Gower 2 γ chain HbE Portland I HbF β chain HbE Portland II…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Erythropoietin (EPO) Physiology
Structure of erythropoietin (EPO) Glycoprotein hormone 165 amino acids Molecular mass – 30 kDa Site of production/synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) Kidneys (75-90%): Peritubular interstitial cells Liver (15%; chief source in fetus and neonates): Centrilobular hepatocytes After birth, erythropoietin is not detectable until 8-12 weeks after birth leading to physiological anaemia…