In a very short notice to be prepared, we left home for the residential pre-deployment training on January, 2018. In the freezing cold of the winter, we started our day in the early morning with P.T (Physical Training). We attended various sessions, which made us familiar on the topics of…
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Pediatric OPD is a Challenge : Treating the Child and Meeting Parents expectations
Scenario A concerned mother brings her 3 year child to the Outpatient Clinic; the child has had fever for 1 day, running nose and cough for 2 days. There are no other serious complaints and findings on examination are all normal, except for the running nose and a low grade…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Oncogenic Translocations to remember
t(8;14): Burkitt’s lymphoma t(14;18): Follicular lymphoma t(11;14): Mantle cell lymphoma t(11,18): Marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) t(9;22): CML (Philadelphia chromosome), Bad prognosis ALL t(8;21): AML M2 t(15;17): AML M3 (Promyelocytic AML) t(X;18): Synovial cell sarcoma t(11;22): Ewing’s sarcoma t(12;21): Pre-B ALL (good prognosis ALL) t(4;11) and t(1;19): Bad prognosis ALL
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Coomb’s test : Mnemonic
Components of Coomb’s test: Mnemonic: ABCD A: Antibody (to be detected) B: Blood antigen (RBC) C: Coomb’s reagent (Anti-antibody) D: Detect agglutination Direct Coomb’s/Antiglobulin test (DAT or DCT): Mnemonic: In DAT/DCT we take A+B from patient and add C [(A+B) + C] Another Mnemonic: DCBA (Direct Coomb’s detect Blood Bound…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Protein C and S pathway – Mnemonic
Factor Va and VIIIa are different in coagulation cascade. They are the co-factors for factor Xa and IXa respectively. Another mnemonic: protein C Cuts Coagulation by Cutting Cofactors (Va and VIIIa) Protein S is cofactor for protein S. Protein C and S pathway using the mnemonic: Time To: Thrombin (factor…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Hematopoietic growth factors list with mnemonics
a. SCF (Steel factor): Multipontent stem cells b. IL-3: Myeloid stem cells (“3” turned down looks like “m“) c. IL-7: Lymphoid stem cell (“L” turned up looks like “7“) d. GM-CSF (Granulocyte macrophage Colony stimulating factor): Myeloid lineage (Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Granulocytes and Monocytes) Pharmaceutical: Sargramostim e. G-CSF: Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cell-Cell or Interceullular Junctions
Junction Location Composition Function Remarks Tight junction (Zonula occludens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell Claudin and Occludin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Prevents paracellular movement of solutes and diffusion Adherens junction (Zonula adherens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell E-cadherin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Belt desmosome (Anchoring) Cadherins are Ca2+ depndend adhesion…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Which statistical test to use?
Steps: Types of data Mnemonic: NOIR Qualitative or Categorical data a. Nominal (relating to name): Groups e.g. gender (male/female), color (black/white), blood groups (A/B/AB/O), religions (hindu/muslim/christian) b. Ordinal (relating to order): Rank-ordered data but without meaningful difference; e.g. socio-economic status (low, middle and high), rank (1st, 2nd and 3rd)– without…