Mnemonic: BUM BUL BUM
The superior articular process faces:
1. Cervical vertebra: BUM
2. Thoracic vertebra: BUL
3. Lumbar vertebra: BUM
Mnemonic: Upset Kidneys Drink Their Pee Grade 1: reflux up to Ureter (w/o dilation) Grade 2: reflux up to Kidneys (w/o dilation) Grade 3: Dilation (ureter/pelvis/calyces) Grade 4: Tortuosity (and worse dilation) Grade 5: Papillary impression loss Source: Tweet from Ben Abelson
Hilum in human anatomy refers to the depression where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ. The structures contributing to hilar shadows in a Chest X-ray are: Major: Pulmonary artery and veins Minor: Fat, Lymph nodes and Bronchial walls Normal Hilum: Position: Left hilum is slightly higher…
Epineurium of sciatic nerve (like all other nerves) is continuous with the duramater withing the spinal canal which is firmly attached to the foramen magnum above and the filum terminale below. In the elastic neuromeningeal pathway, tension applied at one point will spread through out the length of spine until…