Definition of Low Back Pain Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain, muscle tension or stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the…
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Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
Radiation cystitis : Diagnosis, prevention and management
Cause of radiation cystitis: Bladder in the radiation field (treatment of pelvic malignancies like prostate, cervical, colorectal) Epidemiology of radiation cystitis: Incidence: 23% to 80%…
Explore more Radiation cystitis : Diagnosis, prevention and managementSurgical Anatomy of Stomach
GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION (CARDIA) It is the junction between esophagus and cardia of stomach Histologically: Mucosal transition from squamous to columnar epithelium Functionally: High pressure zone…
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A) Indications: Clinical or radiological evidence of involvement of axillary nodes Microscopically positive sentinel node(s) due to metastasis from primary malignant tumor In sentinel node…
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The objectives of intravesical therapy in bladder cancer is to: avoid post-TURB (Transurethral resection of bladder) implantation of tumor cells eradicate residual disease prevent tumor…
Explore more BCG for Urinary Bladder Cancer and BCG sepsisPrinciples of Chemotherapy
Master the knowledge of clinically relevant cell cycle to understand the principles of chemotherapy. Tumors that are highly responsive to chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., testicular cancer, lymphomas) tend…
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Indications of chest tube insertion Pneumothorax: In any ventilated patient (positive airway pressure will force air into the pleural cavity and produce tension pneumothorax) Tension…
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Indications Gastric decompression Gavage (feeding) Gastric lavage (irrigation or dilution of gastric contents) Sampling of the gastric contents for analysis Sometimes used to instil air…
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