Mnemonic: ABCDEFGH Anemia: Results from ALA dehydrogenase inhibition Also causes RBC membranes to be permeable to K+ and decrease Na+/K+ ATPase leading to hemolysis Basophilic stippling Burtonian lines: Gum “lead lines” develop in 2-50% Results from subepithelial deposit of lead sulfide granules on gingival margins Colic: Spasmodic pain involving smooth…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Ulnar nerve Anatomy – Course and Innervation
Origin: C(7), C8, T1 (medial cord of Brachial plexus) Course: Motor innervation: 1. Forearm: Flexor carpi ulnaris (weakness of ulnar deviation and flexion of wrist), Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (branches near the elbow) 2. Hand: branches near wrist Sensory innervation: Palmar branch at forearm and Digital branch at wrist…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Median nerve Anatomy : Course and Innervation
Origin C5-T1 (lateral and medial cords of Brachial plexus) Course Motor innervation Muscles supplied: 2 lateral lumbricals, 3 thenars, 3Ps (2 pronator and 1 palmaris) and 4 flexors. Sensory innervation Clinical correlation 1. Martin-Gruber motor connection: occur in 17% of individuals between median and ulnar nerves resulting in variable innervations…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Dental eruption : Mnemonic
Primary teeth begin eruption at around 6 months and Permanent teeth at around 6 years. In general, lower tooth erupts before it’s upper counterpart with few exceptions (lower before upper rule). Age of 6-12 years is a period of mixed dentition (eruption of permanent 1st molar to eruption of 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Developmental Milestones : Mnemonic
Principles of development Development proceeds from the head downward (cephalocaudal principle). Development proceeds from the center of the cody outward (proximodistal development). Development depends on maturation and learning. Development proceeds from the simple to the more complex. Growth and development is a sequential and continuous process. Growth and development proceed…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Neurovascular Relations in Anatomy
Porta hepatis Mnemonic: DAVE From anterior to posterior: Ducts (right and left hepatic duct branches) Arteries (right and left hepatic artery branches) Vein (portal vein) Epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) Femoral triangle or Scarpa’s triangle Mnemonic: NAVEL From lateral to medial Nerve (femoral nerve and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Choledochal Cysts : Mnemonic for Todani Classification
Todani Classification of Choledochal cysts Mnemonic: Consider I is “Extrahepatic” and V is “Intrahepatic”, then – Type I, II and III = Extrahepatic Type IV = Extrahepatic + Intrahepatic Type V = Intrahepatic Most common: Type I 2nd most common: Type IV Type I-III: Extrahepatic Mnemonic: 123 EDC Type…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Calot’s triangle : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Calot triangle, Cystohepatic triangle Boundaries: Cysto-hepatic triangle (Budde-Rocko triangle): Calot’s triangle as described in modern surgery: Mnemonic: 3 C 1. Cystic duct 2. Common hepatic duct 3. Cystic artery Contents: Importance: The cystic artery and the duct have to be clearly defined to obtain the ‘critical view of safety’. These…