Inflammation of the Appendix is one of the most common causes of Pain Abdomen presenting in the Emergency Room. Since its first description in the texts, there has been a lot of improvement in the quality of management due to the availability of resources and technology. Appendix, in the initial…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Shoulder Muscles Anatomy – Simplified
Proximal humerus Insertion of Rotato Cuffs Mnemonic: SIT-S a. Greater tubercle: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor b. Lesser tubercle: Subscapularis Attachment of Other muscles Anteriorly and posteriorly the muscles attach on each side of the depressions (groove and sulcus). a. Anteriorly: Insertion of 3 muscles Mnemonic: Lady between 2 Majors Crest…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Appearance and Fusion of Ossification Centers
Upper end of humerus Mnemonic: HGL – 1,3,5 a. Head – by 1 year b. Greater tuberosity – by 3 years c. Lesser tuberosity – by 5 years All 3 centers fuse together by 6 years (1 year after the last center appears) Upper end of femur Mnemonic: HGL –…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Bruner’s Ten Rules of Pneumatic Tourniquet Use
APPLICATION: Apply only to a healthy limb or with caution to an unhealthy limb SIZE OF TOURNIQUET: Arm, 10 cm; leg, 15 cm or wider in large legs SITE OF APPLICATION: Upper arm; mid/upper thigh ideally PADDING: At least two layers of orthopaedic felt SKIN PREPARATION: Occlude to prevent soaking…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Mnemonic Approach to Elbow Xray – FOOL
Mnemonic: FOOLa. Fat padsb. Overt findings and outlinesc. Ossification centersd. Lines Fat pads The elbow joint has anterior and posterior fat pads which are extra-synovial but within the articular capsule. These are present as a radiolucent (black) line (compared to bone and surrounding soft tissues) in lateral X-rays. Normal finding:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Few Etiology Mnemonics
YELLOW NAILS N: Non pitting Lymphedema A: Autoimmune disorders (thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis) I: Infections (Pneumonia, AIDS) L: Lung disorders (pleural effusions and bronchiectasis) S: Serious: Malignancy (mycosis fungoides, laryngeal carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gallbladder cancer, NH Lymphoma) DIASTEMA causes (see Terry Thomas “sign”) D: Developmental cyst orofacial line I:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Neuroanatomy Notes
This is a compilation of high yield topics on neuroanatomy with visual mnemonics and illustrations targeted for undergraduate medical students who find difficulty in conceptualizing the nervous system. Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha Key features: Covers clinically and academically important topics Schematic diagrams Visual mnemonics Useful for medical students, PG…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Some Neurology Mnemonics
FALLS – indications for CT BRAIN A: Age > 65, Amnesia > 30 minutes before impact B: Bringing up = vomiting > 1 (once) C: Coagulopathy (hx) D: Dangerous mechanisms: > 1 m or 5 stairs, PVA, Cyclist, Ejection E: Epileptic fit (post traumatic) F: Fracture: open, depressed, skull base…