Kocher criteria can help to differentiate between spetic arthritis and transient synovitis in a case of non-traumatic painful hip in a child. A restrospective study in 104 pediatric patients has depicted that meeting 3 out of 4 crtieria would miss 52% cases and is of limited usefulness in detecting septic…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Hernia – Inguinal Hernia
Groin is the area between abdomen and the upper thigh on either sides of pubic symphysis. Protrusions of the abdominal contents through the weak areas in this region are grouped under groin hernias. Groin Hernia can be classified into Inguinal and Femoral Hernias. Please go though another article of the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT) – Pathophysiology
Epineurium of sciatic nerve (like all other nerves) is continuous with the duramater withing the spinal canal which is firmly attached to the foramen magnum above and the filum terminale below. In the elastic neuromeningeal pathway, tension applied at one point will spread through out the length of spine until…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Goodsall’s rule : Mnemonic
Synonym: Goodsall-Salmon’s law In anal fistula, goodsall’s rule predicts the type of track and location of internal opening. An anterior external opening is more likely to have a straight track while a psoteriorly placed external opening is more likely to have a curved track. Mnemonic: Think of a dog with…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cruciate ligaments of Knee : Mnemonics
Mnemonic: Cross your long fingers over the index finger and superimpose this hand over your ipsilateral knee. This will help us to remember the orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of knee. Also remember the mnemonic “LAMP” which means Lateral ACL and Medial PCL….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Schatzker classification for Tibial plateau fracture : Mnemonic
Schatzker system is widely accepted and used to classify tibial plateau fractures. It is based on a 2D representation of the fracture. As a general rule, it can be divided into low-energy and lateral tibial plateau variants (types I-III) and high energy variants (type IV-VI). However, it does not include…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mirel’s Criteria or Score – Mnemonic
Mirel’s scoring system rates 4 criteria from 1 to 3 with maximum possible score of 12 to assess the risk of pathological fracture due to metastases and also serves as a guide for considering prophylactic fixation. The parameters of the criteria can be remembered using the mnemonic MIREL’S. M –…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Elbow ligaments : Simplified Anatomy
Lateral collateral ligament complex Restraint to varus and posterolateral rotatory instability. Anatomy is more variable. LCL arises from lateral humeral condyle at a point through which the axis of rotation passes – it maintains a uniform tension throughout the arc of motion. Annular ligament is a “U” shaped ligament that…