Test Rise Peak Return to baseline Lipase 4-6 hours 48 8-14 days Amylase 2-4 hours 24-48 5-7 days Serum lipase elevation has a better diagnostic value as compared to serum amylase due to its superior specificity. Amylase has a low molecular weight and as a result can easily pass through…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Dengue Classification : Mnemonic
Probable Dengue Mnemonic: FEVeR TLC (Send Total Leukocyte Count in Fever) a. Feverb. Endemic area (living or travel)and 2 of –c. Vomiting and nausead. Rashe. Tourniquet test positivef. Leukopenia (EARLIEST sign)g. Cramps and cries (Aches and pains) Tourniquet test: Inflate the BP cuff between SBP and DBP and keep it…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Simplified Guide to Statin Therapy
Statins Equivalent Dose Mnemonic: PRASLPF 2-5-10-20-40-40-80 Pituvastatin 2 mg Rosuvastatin 5 mg Atorvastatin 10 mg Simvastatin 20 mg Lovastatin 40 mg Pravastatin 40 mg Fluvastatin 80 mg Intensity of Statins a. High intensity (LDL lowering >/= 50%) Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg b. Moderate intenstity (LDL lowering 30-49%) Atorvastatin…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Beta-Blockers : Mnemonics
We have 1 heart and 2 lungs. a. B1 – heartb. B2 – bronchial wall Cardioselective (B1) vs Non-selective (B1 and B2) beta blockers Beta blockers with 1st letter from A to N are Cardioselective: Acebutolol Atenolol Bispoprolol Betaxolol Celiprolol Esmolol Metoprolol Nebivolol Nebivolol = NO donor Beta blockers with…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pharmacokinetics Mnemonics
ADME is the 4-letter acronym used to describe pharmacokinetics: ABCD is another 4-letter acronym used to describe pharmacokinetics: The most important pharmacokinetic parameters from a dosing point of view are: Vd = Volume of distributionD = DoseCo = Concentration in plasmaCL = ClearancekE = Elimination constantt1/2 = Half life In…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ECG Axis Determination : Mnemonic
Lead I = left (0 degrees)Lead aVF = floor (90 degrees) Lead I +ve and Lead aVF +ve = Between 0-90 degrees (Normal axis) Lead I -ve and Lead aVF +ve = Between 90-180 degrees (Right axis deviation) Lead I +ve and Lead aVF -ve = Between 0 to -90…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Bundle Branch Block : Mnemonic
If the QRS complex is wide (>0.12 s/>3 small squares), the ventricular activity may be arising from the ventricle conducting system. caused by a ‘bundle branch block’. WiLLiaM MaRRoW (classic mnemonic) Wi – V1LL – LBBBM – V6 M – V1RR – RBBBW – V6 ViLLheiM MaRRooN (more accurate) V…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
How Metformin Causes Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Multiple studies have shown that metformin reduces serum B12 levels in 10–30% of patients. The effect increases with the duration of the therapy. Decrease in vitamin B12 absorption and levels following metformin use typically starts as early as the 4th month. Mechanisms of Vitamin B12 deficiency with Metformin Use: It…