Primary teeth begin eruption at around 6 months and Permanent teeth at around 6 years. In general, lower tooth erupts before it’s upper counterpart with few exceptions (lower before upper rule). Age of 6-12 years is a period of mixed dentition (eruption of permanent 1st… Read More
Principles of development: Development proceeds from the head downward (cephalocaudal principle). Development proceeds from the center of the cody outward (proximodistal development). Development depends on maturation and learning. Development proceeds from the simple to the more complex. Growth and development is a sequential and continuous… Read More
Porta hepatis Mnemonic: DAVE From anterior to posterior: Ducts (right and left hepatic duct branches) Arteries (right and left hepatic artery branches) Vein (portal vein) Epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) Femoral triangle or Scarpa’s triangle Mnemonic: NAVEL From lateral to medial Nerve (femoral nerve and… Read More
Todani Classification of Choledochal cysts Mnemonic: Consider I is “Extrahepatic” and V is “Intrahepatic”, then – Type I, II and III = Extrahepatic Type IV = Extrahepatic + Intrahepatic Type V = Intrahepatic Most common: Type I 2nd most common: Type IV Type I-III:… Read More
Synonyms: Calot triangle, Cystohepatic triangle Boundaries: As described by Calot in 1890: Cystic artery Cystic duct Common hepatic duct Calot’s triangle as described in modern surgery: Inferior: Cystic duct Medial: Common hepatic duct Above: Inferior liver surface (right lobe) Contents: Cystic artery Right branch of hepatic… Read More
