Healthcare research today stands at the exciting intersection of innovation and practicality, constantly striving to accelerate discoveries while maintaining reliability and accuracy. As researchers working with biologics and protein therapies navigate an increasingly complex landscape, the multimode microplate reader has emerged as an indispensable instrument, offering capabilities that extend beyond…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
“5-Ps” Mnemonic for Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Potential indications for antibiotic prophylaxis before surgical procedure are: 1. Penetration into gastrointestinal, respiratory and genital lumens 2. Prosthesis 3. Presence of infection 4. Prolonged surgery 5. Poor patient immunity Reference: Hasanin A, Mostafa M. The “5-Ps” Mnemonic for Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Surgery. Anesth Analg. 2025 May 7. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007596….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
How Hyperchloremia Impairs Renal Function
While historically, NS and RL have been thought to be generally equivalent for resuscitation, there has been an associated risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with large-volume resuscitation using normal saline. Hyperchoremic metabolic acidosis has been found to increase the risk of acute kidney injury. This is thought to be due to the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Wound Strength
Wound strength is determined by both quantity and quality of collagen and an appropriate balance of deposition and breakdown. The amount of collagen in a wound plateaus at several weeks post-injury. Timeline: 1. First few weeks: Strength increases rapidly, reaching about 20% of pre-injury strength at 3 weeks. 2. Around 6 weeks: Wound strength…
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Dementia vs. Normal Aging: Understanding the Differences
When an older loved one begins forgetting things, it’s natural to wonder if it’s just part of aging, or something more serious like dementia. The two lines can feel blurry, especially in the early stages. Families often struggle with knowing when to be concerned, what to expect, or how to…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
SIMPLE approach to Nutritional Care in Elderly Patients
The essence of this approach is that, rather than requiring a highly specialized nutritionist, a systematic assessment on the part of all the disciplines that are interacting with the patients can achieve what is needed for the nutritional care of the older patient with a fragility fracture, regardless of setting…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
How to Fix the Skin That Overreacts to Almost Everything
If your skin throws a tantrum every time you try something new, you’re certainly not alone, and no, it’s not “all in your head.” While it may seem like your face has declared war on every product in existence, the reality is far different. Studies show that dermatological disorders affect…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Golden Rules of Anesthesia : Mnemonic
The “golden rules of anesthesia” are a set of principles and practices designed to ensure patient safety during anesthesia administration. These rules emphasize careful pre-operative preparation, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, and prompt management of potential emergencies. Mnemonic: ANESTHESIA