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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Tag: Renal and Electroloyte

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Nov 18, 2020Nov 18, 2020

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) cause non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. Type 1: H+ excretion defect (A proton or 1st element of periodic table) This occurs in distal tubule (hence, distal defect) K+ is excreted instead of H+ causing Hypokalemia. Distal tubule H+ is non-functioning – urine pH >5.5. Chronic acidosis leads…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS hyperkalemia ecg

Hyperkalemia Management – Mnemonic Approach

Epomedicine, Oct 24, 2020Oct 24, 2020

Mnemonic: C BIG K D Calcium gluconate (Cardiac stabilizer) It is generally accepted that calcium should be given when there are ECG changes associated with hyperkalaemia. Calcium gluconate 10% 10-30 ml IV (1-3 gm) over 5-10 minutes (Can be repeated after 5 minutes if ECG changes persistent) 0.5 ml/kg in…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Micturition reflex

Epomedicine, Jun 13, 2020Sep 24, 2022

Micturition (Urination) is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is a type of reflex with voluntary control. The micturition cycle occurs in 2 phases: Urinary Storage Mnemonic: Storage = Sympathetic 1. Stimulus: Urine filling until tension in the…

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Case Reports

A Child with Fever, Diarrhea, AKI, Hematuria, Altered senosrium and Anemia

Dr. Pedchrome, Jun 7, 2020Jun 7, 2020

Case Scenario A 3 year boy form Western region presented at Emergency Room in a state of altered sensorium. The child was well 5 days back, but since then he is been having fever and loose stool. The episode of illness started with fever, measured upto 102 F, was on…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Hyponatremia : SIADH vs Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome

Epomedicine, Aug 9, 2019Aug 9, 2019

SIADH causes Mnemonic: SIADH Surgery Intracranial – Infection, Head injury, CVA Alveolar – Carcinoma, Pus Drugs – Opiates, Antiepileptics, Cytotoxics, Anti-psychotics Hormonal – Hypothyroid, Low corticosteroid level SIADH diagnostic criteria Mnemonic: SOD-IUM/S Serum Osmollity Decreased (<275 mOsm/kg) Increased Urine Molality/osmolality (>100 mOsm/kg) Increased Urine Sodium/Na+ (>40 Meq/L) Others: Euvolemic (Normal…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches sodium

Hyponatremia Correction: Rules and Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Aug 4, 2019Jun 16, 2023

Corrected sodium level When hyperglycemia is present, the underlying sodium concentration (corrected sodium concentration) can be estimated by adding 1.6-2.4 mEq/L (average of 2 mEq/L) to the reported sodium concentration for every 100 mg/dl increase in plasma glucose above 100 mg/dl. E.g. In a patient with Na+ level, 145 and…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches renal angle tenderness

Costovertebral or Renal angle tenderness

Epomedicine, Jul 26, 2019Jul 26, 2019

Synonyms: Murphy’s kidney punch, CVA tenderness (CVAT) Anatomy of Costovertebral angle or Renal angle: Costovertebral angle is formed by the junction of the 12th, or lowermost, rib with the paravertebral muscles, which run parallel to and on both sides of the vertebral column. Eliciting costovertebral angle tenderness: Position of patient:…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS bartter-gitelmann-liddle

Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome

Epomedicine, Jun 6, 2019Jun 6, 2019

The order of the nephron defects in Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome follows alphabetical order. Bartter: Thick ascending LOHGitelmann: Distal tubuleLiddle: Collecting duct a. Bartter syndrome: Thick ascending Loop of Henle (LOH) Defect in Na-2K-Cl transporter (like loop diuretics) NaCl wasting, Hypercalciuria and mild hypomagnesemia Mnemonic: Loop diuretics lose calcium…

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