The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) is based on the principle of negative feedback exerted by steroids on pituitary gland’s ACTH secretion. Negative feedback with exogenous…
Explore more Understanding Dexamethasone Suppression TestPhysiology
Most Important Urinary Buffer: Phosphate or Ammonia?
There are multiple choice questions (mcq) which asks: What is the most important urinary buffer? And the choices include both the phosphate and ammonia. Different…
Explore more Most Important Urinary Buffer: Phosphate or Ammonia?Chemokines Mnemonics
Difference between cytokines and chemokines Cytokines are small proteins released by cells, the function of which is “cell-signaling“. Chemokines are small cytokines, which functions as…
Explore more Chemokines MnemonicsSimple Coagulation Cascade with Mnemonics
In medical school, coagulation cascade might be a pain to learn and teach as well. Plenty of roman numerals with arrows going here and there…
Explore more Simple Coagulation Cascade with MnemonicsSteroid Induced Leukocytosis
Mechanism of Steroid Induced Leukocytosis There are 3 major mechanisms responsible for corticosteroid induced granulocytosis: 1. Demargination of neutrophils from endothelial cells (60% of the…
Explore more Steroid Induced LeukocytosisConcentration effect, Second gas effect and Diffusion hypoxia
Concentration effect The higher the concentration of an inhaled anesthetic, the faster the alveolar concentration approaches the inhaled concentration. This is referred to as concentration…
Explore more Concentration effect, Second gas effect and Diffusion hypoxiaAbnormalities of First and Second Heart Sound
In the chapter of cardiac cycle, we have discussed the mechanism of production of heart sounds and their physiologic splitting. First Heart Sound (S1) Mechanism…
Explore more Abnormalities of First and Second Heart SoundCardiac Cycle – Summary and Wigger’s Diagram
Summary of Cardiac Cycle Opening and closing of valves When the valve opens, different compartments act as a single chamber (atrio-ventricle or aorto-ventricle). For a…
Explore more Cardiac Cycle – Summary and Wigger’s Diagram