Anterior Drawer Test Assesses: Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) Position: Knee joint in flexion and ankle in 10-15 degrees plantar flexion Maneuver: The examiner exerts a downward force on the tibia while simultaneously attempting to “lift up” the foot while grasping behind the heel. Interpretation: A significant difference from the unaffected…
Tag: Orthopedics
Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Salter Harris Classification for Physeal Fracture: Mnemonic
In children, the growth plate (physis) is a zone of cartilate situated between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones. Cartilage is weaker than bone and thus is a common site of fracture. The Salter-Harris classification consists of 5 different types of growth plate fractures based on the location…
Emergency Medicine
Ottawa Foot, Ankle and Knee rules – Mnemonic
Ottawa Ankle and Foot Rules Mnemonic: 44-55-66-PM Patients need an X-ray only if: 4: Unable to do 4 steps immediately AND4: Unable to do 4 steps at Emergency Department OR 5: Has pain at the base of 5th metatarsal5: Has pain at the 5caphoid (Navicular) OR 6: Tenderness in 6…
Emergency Medicine
Log Rolling Maneuver : Steps
Step 1: Rescuer 1 stabilizes head and neck in neutral position without applying traction. He/she should grasp the patient’s shoulders at the neck and gently position the patient’s head betweeen the forearms. Another rescuer should apply a semirigid extrication collar. Even with the collar in place, Rescuer 1 must maintain…
Emergency Medicine
Open fractures : Mnemonics
Gustilo Anderson Classification Mnemonics:1. Parameters: ABCD’S (Area, Bone, Circulation, Dirt, Soft tissue)2. Classification: I, II, III then A, B, C Progression for grade I to III C implies a higher degree of energy involved in the injury, higher soft tissue and bone damage, and higher potential for complications. Type I:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Approach to Low Back Pain
Definition of Low Back Pain Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain, muscle tension or stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain (sciatica). “Diagnostic triage” after excluding non-spinal causes of low back pain classifies LBP into 3 broad categories:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pediatric Lateral Condyle Humerus Fracture : Review
A) Epidemiology: B) Mechanism of Injury: C) Classifications: a. Milch: Fracture line based – b. Jakob and Weiss: Displacement and articular congruency based – Modified Weiss classification: No need for arthrogram1. Type I: <2 mm displacement2. Type II: 2-4 mm displacement 3. Type III: >4 mm displacement (displacement of >4…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Forearm muscles : Tricks to remember
Anterior Forearm (Compartment) Muscles Total muscles: 8 (4 superficial + 1 intermediate + 3 deep) Mnemonic: Do it yourself as shown in the figure below! Place your thenar/hypothenar eminence over medial epicondyle and fan out 5 fingers with thumb resting below the 4 fingers. The 4 fingers represent superficial flexors…