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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Tag: Oncology

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Ollier’s Disease and Maffucci Syndrome : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Dec 1, 2024Dec 1, 2024

Ollier’s disease Maffucci syndrome

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Metaphyseal lesions : Differential Diagnoses

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jul 25, 2024Jul 25, 2024

Lesions Age Demographics Site Presentation Imaging Treatment Comments Acute Osteomyelitis Bimodal (<2 years and 8-12 years) M:F = 2:1 Distal femur, Proximal tibia Pain, refusal to bear weight, erythema, warmth, fluctuance, tenderness Lags 2 weeks behindDestruction of bone, periosteal reaction (lamellated, hair on end), new bone formation 1. Antibiotics2. Surgical…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Colorectal carcinoma – Duke Staging and Management

Epomedicine, Jul 7, 2024Jul 7, 2024

TNM stage Duke’s stage Description 5 yr survival Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy 0 – Tis, N0, M0 Limited to mucosa >95% Local excision/polypectomy → Surveillance No No Mnemonic I – T1-2, N0, M0 A A-Ok limited to bowel wall only 90% Wide surgical resection + Anastomosis No No II – T3-4,…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Pelvic Lymphatic Drainage

Epomedicine, Jun 26, 2024Jun 26, 2024

1. Para-aortic (lumbar) nodes: Gonads (derive blood supply from kidneys) 2. Inferior mesenteric nodes: As of blood supply – to the structures derived from hindgut 3. Common iliac nodes: Receives external and internal iliac nodes; Drains into para-aortic nodes 4. Superficial inguinal nodes: Everything that can be touched with fingers…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Lung Cancer : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Jun 20, 2024Jun 20, 2024

Types Most common cancer: Metastases Primary lung cancer: Type Frequency Location Association Features Small (oat) cell carcinoma 15% Sentral (central) Smoker Neuroendocrine differentiation (Kulchitsky cells)Aggressive (disseminate early – lymphadenopathy)Paraneoplastic syndrome (ACTH, ADH, Antibodies – Lambert eaton)InoperableChemosensitive Adenocarcinoma 40% Peripheral Non-smoker (most common) k-Ras, EGFR, ALK mutationsNodule/massHypertrophic osteoarthropathy (clubbing)Bronchio-alveolar subtype (pneumonia-like):…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Enchondroma vs Chondrosarcoma (low grade) : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Jan 24, 2024Jan 24, 2024

Among cartilaginous tumors, 2 pathologies can be misleading when trying to reach a correct diagnosis: enchondroma (E), a benign tumor, and low-grade chondrosarcoma (LGC), which is a low-aggressivity malignancy. This can be a problem when deciding treatment because E only requires regular follow-up, but LGC needs surgical treatment.  Mnemonic: ABCDE…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) : A Comprehensive Review

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 23, 2024Jan 23, 2024

Introduction: Other facts: Clinical features: Diagnosis: Role of biopsy/tissue diagnosis in GIST (current consensus): Treatment: High risk features: Choices of surgery: Aim of surgery: Prognostication:  Malignant potential Comments  Mortality  Benign  Size: up to 2 cmMitosis: up to 5/50 hpf No tumor related mortality Probably benign Size: 2-5 cmMitosis: same as…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence in Colorectal Cancer : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Jul 30, 2023Jul 30, 2023

Adenoma-carcinoma sequence is a stepwise development of normal epithelium to carcinoma due to accumulation of mutations over a number of years leading to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. One of the pathways follows adenoma–carcinoma sequence, that is, normal → adenoma → carcinoma. The other is pertaining…

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