Sometimes, clinicians might find ABG result not matching with the patient condition. These results might arise from technical errors in machine and there are certain…
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Internal medicine
Charcot Arthropathy : Mnemonics
Causes of Charcot Arthropathy Mnemonic: 10 S 3 Theories of Charcot Arthropathy a. Neuro-traumatic: Damage to sensory feedback → Repeated microtrauma → Release of proinflammatory…
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Rheumatoid Arthritis – ACR 2021 Guidelines: Summary
Among various methods of measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, we will be discussing Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). CDAI = TJC(28) + SJC(28) +…
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Approach to Rheumatoid Factor Positive test
Rheumatoid factor (RF; also mistakenly called RA factor) is an auto-antibody (commonly IgM and rarely IgG or IgA) directed against the Fc portion of IgG.…
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Inverted Reflexes
An inverted tendon reflex refers to the elicitation of the movement opposite to that normally seen when the reflex is elicited. Mechanism of Inverted Reflexes…
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Hoffmann’s Sign
History Method of Eliciting Hoffmann’s Reflex Mechanism of Positive Hoffmann’s Reflex Sudden stretch of the finger flexors causes involuntary finger flexor contraction due to activation…
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Friedreich’s Ataxia : Mnemonic
Friedreich’s ataxia is a hereditary spinocerebellar degenerative disorder named after German neurologist, Professor Nicholaus Friedreich. Mnemonic: FRIEDREICH’S Ataxia 1. Foot deformity (progressive cavo-varus), Frataxin expression…
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Swan neck deformity vs Boutonniere deformity
Alterations in the relationships between the balanced extrinsic and intrinsic musculature of the hand due to trauma or secondary to the effects of systemic disease…
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