Lateral wall of nasal cavity has: Mnemonic: SPIN 1. Superior meatus: Posterior ethmoidal sinus 2. Inferior meatus: Nasolacrimal duct The sphenoidal sinus drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess (superior to superior concha). All others drain into middle meatus: Mnemonic: AM/FM
Tag: Otorhinolaryngology
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Le Fort Fractures : Mnemonics
Le Fort fractures are the fractures that separate mid-face from the skull. Classification All of these subtypes involve a fracture of the pterygoid plate. LeFort type Fracture configuration Mnemonic Mnemonic I Horizontal Floating palate Speak no evil – fracture through maxilla just above roots of teeth (affects speaking) II Pyramidal…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Thyroid Tumors : Mnemonics
Papillary carcinoma Follicular carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Mnemonic: MENACED Anaplastic carcinoma
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Modified Centor Criteria for Likelihood of Bacterial Infection In Sore throat
Centor Criteria Mnemonic: CENTOr 1. Cough absent or Can’t cough = +1 2. Exudates or Enlarged tonsils = +1 3. Nodes (Swollen tender anterior cervical lymph nodes) = +1 4. Temeperature >100.4 F = +1 5. Or: <15 years = +1 15-44 years = 0 ≥45 years = -1 Scoring
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Hot Potato Voice
Synonyms: Hot potato speech, Potato in mouth It is a term for a defect of resonance in which the speech has muffled quality, fancifully likened to a person speaking with a (very) hot potato in their mouth. Mechanism of Hot Potato Voice: Hot potato voice is the result of an…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Dizziness : History and Examination
HISTORY Mnemonic: 4D-3E-2Fg-2H 1. Define “Dizziness”: Room is spinning/rocking/somersaulting – Vertigo Feel like “going to faint” – Near-syncope “Going to fall” or “Unsteady on feet” – Disequilibrium Feel like they’ve or are “left their body” or “floating/swimming” – Psychophysiologic dizziness 2. Duration of each episode: Seconds: BPPV Minutes: TIA or…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Anatomy of Middle Ear with Clinical correlation
The ear, along the evolution has modified structurally and functionally. In lower animals, they functioned as alarm systems to detect any sounds of the prey or predator so as to fix their vision and also maintain the balance of the body to prevent fall. In the course of evolution, this…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Vestibular Pathway Simplified
Vestibule and Sensory receptors Location: Medial to tympanic membrane and Posterior to Cochlea Sensory receptors 1. Macula: Present in otolith (calcium carbonate crystals) organs – saccule (anteriorly) and utricle (posteriorly) Both are connected by corresponding ducts, which together will form endolymphatic duct, this passes through a bony canal (the vestibular…