Mnemonic: CENTOr
1. Cough absent or Can’t cough = +1
2. Exudates or Enlarged tonsils = +1
3. Nodes (Swollen tender anterior cervical lymph nodes) = +1
4. Temeperature >100.4 F = +1
5. Or:
The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) is based on the principle of negative feedback exerted by steroids on pituitary gland’s ACTH secretion. Negative feedback with exogenous steroid works if the cause is excessive ACTH secretion from pituitary: 1. Cushing’s disease (pituitary ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome): Excessive ACTH secretion by pituitary adenoma…
Zero-order First-order Amount of drug eliminated per unit time Constant amount Constant fraction (Mnemonic: first = fraction) Rate of elimination with plasma concentration Independent Directly proportional (greater the drug, greater is elimination) Elimination Capacity-limited, i.e. liver/kidney are saturated/maxed out on how much they can eliminate Flow-limited, i.e. liver/kidney are not…
Cause of radiation cystitis: Bladder in the radiation field (treatment of pelvic malignancies like prostate, cervical, colorectal) Epidemiology of radiation cystitis: Incidence: 23% to 80% (variability due to variability in type and dosing of radiotherapy among different medical subspecialities) Incidence of severe hematuria: 5-8% Mean duration for developing radiation cystitis:…