Definition of clonus Clonus is a rhythmic sustained involuntary muscular contraction (generally 5-8 Hz) evoked by sudden passive stretch of the muscle and tendon. Eliciting…
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History and Examination in Ophthalmology
A) HISTORY Besides chief complaints, other portion of history is similar to the one you prepare in internal medicine. 1. Description of symptom (SOCRATES): S…
Explore more History and Examination in OphthalmologyPathological reflexes – Variations of Babinski
Normally, the pathological reflexes are not evident because they are suppressed by cerebrum at brainstem or spinal cord level by 6 months of age. Importance:…
Explore more Pathological reflexes – Variations of BabinskiHematological Signs – Angular Stomatitis and Atrophic Glossitis
ANGULAR STOMATITIS/CHEILITIS Definition: Maculopapular and vesicular lesions grouped on the skin at the corners (or ‘angles’) of the mouth and the mucocutaneous junction. It is made worse by…
Explore more Hematological Signs – Angular Stomatitis and Atrophic GlossitisHemoptysis – Examination and Evaluation
Synonym: Haemoptysis Definition of Hemoptysis Simple definition: Expectoration of blood or bloody sputum Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract, a spectrum…
Explore more Hemoptysis – Examination and EvaluationRespiratory Examination – Relevant Anatomy and Physiology
1. Division of Airway: Extrathoracic (Upper) airway: Nose to Upper trachea Intrathoracic (Lower) airway: Lower trachea to Alveoli and lungs Note: Vocal fold is also…
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GRUNTING Definition: A short, explosive, moaning or crying sound heard on expiration (Child and neonates) Cause: Any cause of respiratory distress Mechanism: In attempt to…
Explore more Respiratory Examination – Noisy BreathingExamination of Hands
History: Hand dominance and occupation? Injury? Pain? Paresthesia? Impaired function? Swelling? Position: Place the patient’s hands on pillow Look: SEATS a. Shape or Deformity: –…
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