Best eye opening Mnemonic: ESPN Best verbal response Mnemonic: ASWGN Best motor response Mnemonic: OLD BEN Important points Question and Example A 20 year old…
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Clinical examination
Glasgow Coma Scale
Clarke’s test
Synonyms: Patellofemoral grind test, Patella hold test, Zohler’s sign Tests for: Patellofemoral dysfunction Patient position: Lying down with knees extended and relaxed (heels on table)…
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Spinal segments vs Vertebral level
Spinal segment: The part of spinal cord to which a pair of spinal nerves (right and left) is attached. Cause of mismatch between spinal segments…
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Orthopedic Examination Made Easy
It’s difficult to find a student friendly book on examination techniques in orthopedics and often the students struggle with the sequence and techniques of examination…
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Knee Examination
Go through the general principles of orthopedic examination before starting with knee examination. EXPOSURE: From flanks to ankle INSPECTION: STANDING: SITTING: SUPINE: PALPATION TEMPERATURE (joint…
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Eliciting Primitive Neonatal Reflexes
Neonatal reflexes are the reflexes which are present at birth and have a predictable course of appearance and disappearance. A normally developing newborn should respond…
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Spine Examination
Follow the general principles of orthopedic examination listed in the article below. Exposure Undress leaving the undergarments Surface markings: 1. 1st palpable spinous process –…
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Hand Examination
Look Examine SEADS with palms facing upwards and downwards: Interrupted finger cascade = Tendon divided or stuck Normal finger cascade but absent active motion =…
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