Remember WIPER before patient examination The local musculoskeletal examination is carried out following the general physical examination. The orthopedic examination proceeds in the sequence of:…
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We have compiled a list of equipment and items required for a musculoskeletal examination. 1. Measuring tape: For measuring limb length and girth 2. Goniometer:…
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Tests the function of: Posterior or Dorsal column which may be impaired in: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of spinal cord (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Posterior cord…
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Deep tendon reflexes are monosynaptic reflexes integrated at lamina IX of the spinal cord. Deep tendon reflexes may be interpreted as: Normal Diminished or absent…
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Named after: Charles Edward Beevor Definition: Upward (Cephalad) movement of the umbilicus in a supine patient attempting either to flex the head onto the chest…
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Breast Development Mnemonic: ABCDE Stage 1 – Absent development Stage 2 – Breast bud Stage 3 – Common Contour (not separated) Stage 4 – Double…
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Ashworth scale tests resistance to passive motion about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Modified Ashworth Scale (Bohannon and Smith, 1987) has 1+ grading…
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Mnemonic: FED TACOS Food Exercise Drugs Tobacco Alcohol Caffeine Occupation Sexual history Reference and further reading: History and Physical Examination: A Common Sense Approach By…
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